Abstract: The negative density-dependent hypothesis posits that increased mortality rates among conspecific individuals due to resource competition and harmful pest infestation, facilitate the provision of space and resources for other species, thereby promoting species coexistence. This mechanism is considered important for maintaining high biodiversity in tropical forests. The current review offers a comprehensive summary of advancements in negative density-dependent research over the past decade, including its drivers in different climatic zones, biotic and abiotic factors influencing its strength, latitudinal patterns, and current controversies. Based on bibliometric analysis, this review also discusses the latest trends and development directions in the field of negative density dependence.