Research and Application of Gametes and Early Embryo Isolation Technology in Angiosperms

Sexual reproduction in angiosperms is complicated and occurs deep within maternal tissues, making it difficult to study by direct cellular and molecular methods. Recently, with the progression of micromanipulation and other techniques, researchers have been able to obtain viable gametes and early embryos in a wide range of plant species. Combined with mRNA extraction from a small amount of cells, genome-wide deep sequencing, the establishment of in vitro fertilization systems and new molecular and genetic approaches, new light has been shed on the cellular and molecular mechanisms of the fertilization process. In this review, we focus on representative isolation methods in gametes and early embryos and application of these methods in plant sexual reproduction research. This review will provide a useful reference for research in this field.