Abstract: Based on field survey data from 24 plots, we studied the forest community species diversity using the species richness, Shannon-Wiener and Jaccard similarity indices and the influencing factors in the rock stream periglacial landforms of Mt. Laotudingzi. The results showed that: (1) The average species richness index values for the deciduous broad-leaf, mixed broadleaf-conifer, and dark coniferous forests were 41 ± 10, 34 ± 5 and 31 ± 7, respectively. The variation coefficients of the species richness index of the forest community exhibited moderate variability. (2) The average Shannon-Wiener index values for the deciduous broad-leaved, mixed broadleaf-conifer, and dark coniferous forests were 1.67 ± 0.32, 1.50 ± 0.18 and 1.29 ± 0.25, respectively. (3) Similarity index values among plant populations of the rock stream periglacial landforms varied between 0.037 and 0.530, and were concentrated in two intervals of 0.25-0.5 and 0-0.25. (4) Correlation analysis showed that rock stream periglacial landforms altitude had a significant negative correlation with the species richness and Shannon-Wiener index of the forest community tree layer (P < 0.01), and an obvious negative correlation with the species richness of the shrub layer (P < 0.05). Both soil electrical conductivity and salt content had obvious positive correlations with species diversity of forest community in the rock stream periglacial landforms (P < 0.05). The pH value of the soil had a significant positive correlation with the species richness and Shannon-Wiener index of the shrub layer (P < 0.01). The CaO content in the soil had an obvious positive correlation with the Shannon-Wiener index and species richness of the tree and shrub layers (P < 0.05). Therefore, changes in plant diversity of the rock stream periglacial landforms were primarily influenced by altitude and the electrical conductivity, salt content, pH value and CaO content of the soil.