Abstract: Ammopiptanthus nanus (M. Pop.) Cheng f. is a rare Tertiary relict species that originated along the Tethys coast and is currently classified as a state Grade Ⅱ protected plant due to demographic scarcity. This study examined the population age structure and demographic dynamics through analyses of static life tables, survival curves, survival function curves, and time series models. Results showed that mature individuals constituted the largest proportion of the population (48.1%), while saplings accounted for the lowest proportion (7.0%), reflecting a declining age structure. The species exhibited a Deevey-Ⅱ survival curve, with a stable overall mortality rate. However, a pronounced decline in the early stages, followed by a stabilization phase in the middle period and a subsequent decline in the later stages, suggests a heightened risk of extinction. Enhancing seedling recruitment and improving the survival rate during the transition from juvenile to adult stages are critical for ensuring population sustainability and long-term viability.