Abstract: The study of medicinal plant resources and their diversity is important for future sustainable development and conservation. Based on field work, sample collection, herbarium inspection, and literature search, a total of 651 medicinal vascular species were recorded in Tengchong County, Yunnan Province. The species belonged to 450 genera and 153 families, among which pteridophyte had 32 families, 51 genera and 68 species; gymnosperms had 3 families, 3 genera and 4 species; and angiosperms had 118 families, 396 genera and 579 species. Dominant species were from the families of Labiatae, Compositae and Leguminosae. The number of plants that used whole plantlets as the medicinal parts was largest, followed by radices and rhizomes. Most plants found in Tengchong County were used as antipyretics, antirheumatics and drugs for promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis. Based on the above analysis, strategies for resources protection and sustainable exploitation are discussed in this paper.