Wetland Plant Taxonomic Diversity in the Middle Reaches of the Yellow River
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摘要: 在黄河中游湿地自禹门口至汾河入河口之间设置了13个样地进行植物调查,并将植物物种系统分类学中的分类学差异性指数应用到研究区域物种多样性的测度中。结果显示,样地内共记录植物75种,隶属于2门3纲18目23科61属;按所含物种数的多少统计,在门水平上主要分布在被子植物门(73种),在纲水平上主要分布在双子叶植物纲(57种),在科水平上主要集中在豆科(Leguminosae,11种)、菊科(Compositae,14种)和禾本科(Gramineae,11种),在属水平上主要集中在藜属(Chenopodium,3种)、胡枝子属(Lespedeza,3种)、蒿属(Artemisia,3种)和香蒲属(Typha,3种);一年或两年生植物最多,地上芽植物、地面芽植物和地下芽植物次之的生活型谱特征总体上反映了黄河中游湿地夏季高温多雨、冬季寒冷干旱的气候特征。用平均分类学差异指数(Δ + )和分类学差异变异指数(Λ + )对13个样地植物分类学多样性特征的分析表明,Δ + 和 Λ + 的理论平均值分别为84.25和425.43;运用双变量分析法将Δ + 和 Λ + 进行组合分析,发现汾河入河口样地(S12)的期望值较小,河津市汾河25号坝样地(S8)、闸西侧样地(S9)和万荣县西范控导工程西侧样地(S10)的期望值较大,说明样地S12的物种分类学多样性较大且物种分布较为均一,样地S8、S9、S10则与之相反。Pearson检验结果显示,平均分类学差异指数(Δ + )、分类学差异变异指数(Λ + )与Shannon-Wiener指数、Pielou指数、Simpson指数、Patrick指数间均无稳定的相关关系(P > 0.05)。Abstract: Thirteen typical wetland sites located between Yumenkou and the Fenhe River estuary in the middle reaches of the Yellow River were investigated, with the taxonomic index used to measure species diversity. Results showed that a total of 75 species, belonging to 61 genera, 23 families, 18 orders, three classes and two phyla were recorded from the 13 sites. At the phylum level, 73 species were mainly distributed in Angiospermae. At the class level, 57 species were mainly distributed in Dicotyledons. At the family level, 36 species were mainly distributed in Leguminosae, Compositae and Gramineae. At the genus level, 12 species were mainly distributed in Chenopodium, Lespedeza, Artemisi and Typha. Annual or biennial plants were the most abundant, closely followed by chamaephytes, hemicryptophytes and geophytes, and the life-form spectra reflected the hot rainy summers and cold dry winters of the middle reaches of the Yellow River. Plant species diversity was studied using average taxonomic distinctness (Δ + ) and variation in taxonomic distinctness (Λ + ), and the expected values of Δ + and Λ + were 84.25 and 425.43, respectively. Using bivariate analysis to evaluate Δ + and Λ + together showed that the expected value of plot S12 located at the Fenhe River estuary was the lowest, while the expected values of plots S8, S9 and S10 were higher, showing that the taxonomic diversity index of species was larger and the distribution of species was more uniform in S12 than that found in S8, S9 and S10. Pearson's test results showed that Δ + ,Λ + and the Shannon-Wiener, Pielou, Simpson and Patrick indices were not correlated (P > 0.05).
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