Plant Species Richness Patterns and Water-energy Dynamics in the Black Gobi Desert, China
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摘要: 我国黑戈壁地区自然环境恶劣，植物多样性格局受到极端干旱气候的影响而形成了特殊的分布格局。为了揭示黑戈壁地区极端气候对物种丰富度格局的影响，通过对5000 km样线内174个样方中的植物进行调查，结合气候数据，研究影响中国黑戈壁地区植物物种丰富度格局的气候因素以及不同生活型植物物种丰富度格局与气候关系的差异。结果表明，水热动态假说对物种丰富度格局的解释率为62.3%，未解释部分为37.7%，说明其能够很好的解释黑戈壁地区的植物群落物种丰富度格局；能量对物种丰富格局的单独解释率仅为3.5%，水分的单独解释率为16.4%，两者共同解释率为42.4%，水分和能量共同决定的水资源可利用性主导着物种丰富度格局；不同生活型植物对气候因子的响应存在显著差异，水热综合作用对草本植物丰富度格局的解释率为65.4%，但对灌木仅有37.9%，表明水热动态假说不适用于解释灌木植物的物种丰富度格局，植物对气候的适应特性及种间相互作用对物种丰富度格局有着重要的影响。Abstract: The Black Gobi Desert is widely distributed in northwest China, with a total area of about 2×105 km2. The general climate can be characterized as having a high evaporative demand, with variable but low precipitation, making it the most arid of China's dryland areas. Because of this special climate, there are a wealth of natural resources and an ideal place for exploring the relationship of plant species diversity and environmental factors in extreme arid environment. In this study, we sampled 174 plots across the research area to examine the influence of the climate on plant species richness patterns. Different growth forms (shrub and herb) were also analyzed to demonstrate how the richness-climate relationship differed among functional groups. Results showed that climate accounted for 62.3% of variation in total species richness, with 37.7% explained by other undetermined factors. Furthermore, 3.5% and 16.4% of total species variance was explained by energy and moisture factors, respectively, while 42.4% was simultaneously explained by the two factor groups. These results indicated that energy and moisture played key roles in shaping species richness patterns in the study area. However, only 37.9% of variation in shrub species richness was explained by energy and moisture factors, and the water-energy dynamic hypothesis could not explain shrub species richness in arid regions. These results suggest that the response of species richness to climate showed obvious differences among functional groups as well as interspecific interactions, and the ecophysiological characteristics of species had significant influence on community richness patterns.
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Keywords:
- Black Gobi-desert /
- Species richness /
- Moisture factors /
- Energy factors
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