Impact of Cultivation Change from Open Field to Greenhouse on Heavy Metal Contents and Fractions of Soil
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摘要: 为了研究露地栽培向设施大棚栽培转变对土壤重金属含量的影响，对武汉市郊区露地和设施塑料大棚两种栽培条件下菜田土壤重金属Cd、Cr和Pb各形态含量及分布特征进行了研究。结果显示，露地和大棚栽培条件下土壤重金属元素Cr和Pb各种形态含量之间没有明显差异，但Cd各种形态含量间有显著差异；从露地到大棚，土壤中Cd酸可提取态含量从露地的0.62 mg/kg上升到大棚的1.19 mg/kg，其次是Cd残渣态、有机结合态、氧化态和碳酸盐结合态；Cd总含量从露地的0.79 mg/kg升高到大棚的1.58 mg/kg，显著超过土壤环境质量标准中的Cd含量标准值（0.3 mg/kg），达到严重污染水平。Cd碳酸盐结合态和氧化态占总量的比例有所降低，而酸可提取态占总量的比例有所升高。说明从露地到设施大棚栽培，促使了土壤中部分Cd碳酸盐结合态和氧化结合态向酸可提取态转变，提高了土壤中Cd的生物有效性。因此，在设施大棚栽培快速发展的情况下，要加强重金属Cd对土壤污染的治理，减少重金属Cd对蔬菜的毒害。Abstract: We evaluated the impacts of changing from open field to greenhouse cultivation on the metal content, total content and fraction of heavy metals (Cr, Cd and Pb) in soil at a vegetable farm in Wuhan, China. Results showed there was no significant difference in the content of Cr and Pb between the open field and greenhouse soil, but there was a significant difference in Cd content. The greatest difference was in the acid extractable fraction, which increased from 0.62 mg/kg in the open field to 1.19 mg/kg in the greenhouse soil, followed by residual, organic bound, oxide, and carbonate-bound fractions. Total Cd content increased from 0.79 mg/kg in the open field to 1.58 mg/kg in the greenhouse soil, significantly higher than the soil environmental quality standards of Cd (0.3 mg/kg). The Cd content in greenhouse soil reached serious pollution levels. In addition, the percentages of carbonate bounded and oxidation form of Cd reduced, but acid extractable Cd significantly increased. These results suggest that a transition from open field to greenhouse cultivation could result in some carbonate bound and oxide Cd being transformed to acid exchangeable Cd, and the biological availability of soil Cd would be enhanced. Therefore, the application of greenhouse cultivation requires stronger Cd content control in soil to reduce heavy metal (Cd) toxicity to vegetable crops.
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Keywords:
- Open field /
- Greenhouse /
- Soil /
- Heavy metal /
- Bioavailable fraction
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