Morphological and structural changes during female cone development in Cunninghamia lanceolata
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摘要: 以福州生长的成年杉木（Cunninghamia lanceolata（Lamb.） Hook.）为实验材料，采用数码相机实地拍照、体视镜、半薄切片以及扫描电镜等方法，从形态学、解剖学系统观察了杉木大孢子叶球的发育过程。结果显示，2011年10月底至11月初，杉木大孢子叶球形成，此时大孢子叶球呈绿色，体积较小；翌年3月中下旬，大孢子叶球成熟，进入传粉期，期间大孢子叶球经历了由绿变黄的颜色转变、体积增大以及苞片开张的过程。胚珠发育过程中，胚珠原基于1月上旬发生，1月中下旬珠被和珠心组织已分化形成；2月下旬，珠心组织继续发育，形态呈椭圆型，并在其上方形成贮粉室，周围的珠被组织继续生长包围珠心组织，形成珠孔道；3月初珠孔形成，开口达到最大，胚珠的体积继续增大；3月中下旬，胚珠珠孔处开始分泌传粉滴。授粉后，传粉滴消失，珠孔上方的组织停止生长，珠孔开口亦不再增大。研究结果表明杉木大孢子叶球从分化形成到发育成熟需要约5个月的时间，胚珠的形态结构经过长期演化形成了许多适应风媒传粉的结构特征。Abstract: We selected Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata(Lamb.) Hook.) trees from Fuzhou,China,as experimental materials and performed a systematic study of ovulate strobilus development based on morphological and anatomical observations using a digital camera,stereoscopy,semi-thin sections,and scanning electron microscopy.Green ovulate strobili formed from late October to early November.They matured in mid-March of the following year,and then entered the pollination period.During this period,the female cones underwent several changes,including a color change (to yellow),size increase,and bract opening.During ovule development,the ovular primordia formed in early January,after which the integument and nucellus arose in late January.In late February,ovules formed,and a pollen chamber developed above the elliptic nucellus.During this period,integument tissue proliferated continuously to form a micropylar canal by surrounding the nucellus.In early March,the ovules continued to increase in size and the micropyle formed.Meanwhile,the size of the opening in the micropyle increased to a maximum.In mid-to-late March,the ovules began to secrete pollination drops above the micropyle.Subsequently,the drops disappeared and the tissue above the micropyle stopped growing.These results indicate that the ovulate strobilus of Chinese fir takes about five months from differentiation to maturity,and the morphological and structural ovule adaptations to anemophily are presumably due to long-term evolution.
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Keywords:
- Cunninghamia lanceolata /
- Female cone /
- Ovule /
- Pollination drop
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