Breeding system of Orchidantha chinensis var.longisepala
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摘要: 通过野外观察并采用杂交指数（OCI）测定、花粉/胚珠比（P/O）检测、人工控制授粉等方法，对长萼兰花蕉（Orchidantha chinensis var.longisepala（D.Fang） T.L.Wu）种群的繁育系统进行了研究，采用常规石蜡切片与扫描电子显微镜（SEM）观察了柱头与"V"形黏盘的结构与形态。结果表明，长萼兰花蕉单花花期一般为18 d，依其花部形态的变化可分为蕾期、花萼未反转期、花萼反转期、唇瓣枯萎期、花萼枯萎期5个时期；根据杂交指数值为4、P/O值为253.89 ±21.09、人工异花授粉结实率分别为45%（2014年）和75%（2015年），显示出长萼兰花蕉的繁育系统属于异交，且需要传粉者。石蜡切片观察到长萼兰花蕉黏盘区与柱头可授区之间是光滑的表皮细胞，结合人工授粉实验与分泌物含糖量测定结果表明，长萼兰花蕉的"V"形黏盘不具有可授性，其作用可能是分泌黏液附着在传粉者背部使其便于携带花粉。长萼兰花蕉整个花期环境湿冷、多雨且开花同步性较低，这些因素很可能造成其有效传粉媒介缺乏，影响了传粉成功；另一方面，长萼兰花蕉有性繁殖受到限制，其主要通过根状茎进行无性繁殖后代，所以分布范围比较狭窄。Abstract: Plant flowering and breeding systems are important for understanding plant population reproduction.Field observation,outcrossing index (OCI),pollen-ovule ratio (P/O),and hand pollination were adopted to study the breeding system of Orchidantha chinensis var.longisepala(D.Fang) T.L.Wu.Paraffin sections and scanning electron microscopy were used to observe the structure and morphology of the stigma and viscidium.Results showed that the average flowering phenology duration of O.chinensis var.longisepala was 18 d and floral development was divided into five stages based on flower morphology:(1) bud swelling;(2) before sepal retroflex;(3) sepal retroflex;(4) labellum withering;and (5) sepal withering.Furthermore,results showed that the OCI value was 4,the P/O ratio was 253.89 ±21.09,and the seed setting rate of cross pollination on the stigma was 45%(2014) and 75%(2015).Based on the above results,the breeding system of this species is xenogamy and requires pollinators.Paraffin sectioning showed smooth epidermal cells between the viscidium and receptive areas of the stigma.Furthermore,hand pollination and determination of sugar content of the secretions showed that the viscidium was without receptivity.The function of this viscidium might be the production of a sticky secretion to enable the pollen masses to adhere directly to the backs of pollinators.We concluded that the lack of effective pollinators was due to poor weather and the low synchrony index of flowering.The main factors for its restrictive distribution were asexual propagation with rhizomes when sexual propagation was limited.
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Keywords:
- Orchidantha chinensis var.longisepala /
- Breeding system /
- Viscidium /
- Pollination /
- Hand pollination
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