Variation in sex ratio and flowering traits in backcross hybrid populations between ornamental ‘Jiangshanjiao’ and male Actinidia chinensis Planch
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摘要: 以猕猴桃种间杂种品种‘江山娇’（Actinidia chinensis Planch×A.eriantha Benth）与中华猕猴桃（A.chinensis Planch）雄株杂交得到的杂交后代群体为实验材料，于2012、2013和2016年分别对该群体的雌雄性别比及其开花性状进行了调查。结果表明，杂交群体的雌雄性别比例小于1：1，即雄株偏多。杂交后代的花瓣颜色以红色为基础，但红色的分布区域、深浅及类型出现明显分离。聚类分析显示，这些杂交后代可通过花瓣CMYK色卡取值分为4个类群，其中猩红色与紫罗兰红色2个变异类型与观察表型完全一致。杂交后代群体的始花期、开花天数、花朵大小、开花量及单花花瓣数等性状均出现广泛分离，且因不同年份而出现变化。群体中杂交个体进入始花期的平均时间跨度为14 d，群体的始花期进入高峰时个体平均比例仅占群体的25.5%。2016年群体开花时间最长，最多有47.4%的个体开放10~13 d；2013年杂交群体的开放时间最短，有55.2%的后代开花3~5 d。本研究筛选出一批花瓣数多、花朵较大或单花序花朵较多的优良单株，并在后代群体中共发现21个含不同花数的花序组合类型。Abstract: A population of interspecific ‘Jiangshanjiao’ (Actinidia chinensis Planch×A. eriantha Benth) and male A. chinensis Planch hybrids was used in this study. Sex ratio and flowering traits were investigated in the spring of 2012, 2013, and 2016, respectively. The sex ratio of female to male progeny was lower than 1:1, which means there are more male than female plants in the hybrid population. The basic petal color of the progeny was red, but a subtle segregation of color distribution, color depth, and red color types were observed in the population. Clustering analysis using extracted parameters with CMYK mode showed four sub-clusters, among which two groups of hybrids were consistent with scarlet and violet petal phenotypes, respectively. The early flowering season, flowering duration, flower diameter, flower number, and petal number per flower were found to have wide variations, and changed with investigation year. The average time span between the first and the last early flowering season of the hybrids was 14 d. Average proportion of the hybrids in the early flowering season reached a maximum of 25.5% in the population. Flowering duration of the population in 2016 was the longest, with 47.4% of hybrids blooming for 10-13 d, but was the shortest in 2013, with 55.2% of hybrids blooming for 3-5 d. A few progenies had larger flowers and more petals per flower or more flowers per inflorescence. There were 21 combination types of petal-flower-inflorescence number in the hybrid population.
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Keywords:
- Actinidia /
- Interspecific cross /
- Sex ratio /
- Flower color /
- Flowering trait /
- Variation
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