Breeding and characterization of a new high-quality yellow-fleshed kiwifruit cultivar ‘Jinyuan’
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摘要: ‘金圆’是以种间杂交品种‘金艳’（Actinidia chinensis×A.eriantha）为母本、中华猕猴桃（A.chinensis Planch.）为父本，从回交F1代群体中选育出的中熟黄肉猕猴桃新品种。通过对‘金圆’植物学性状、特异性、营养成分、贮藏性等进行研究，结果显示：‘金圆’果实为短圆形，单果重80~100 g，软熟时果肉橙黄色，质细味浓；‘金圆’的花瓣数和花丝数与母本‘金艳’接近，花冠直径和柱头数较‘金艳’分别增大了9.31%和52%，而花柄长度比‘金艳’短16.75%；萌芽率和果枝率略低于‘金艳’，但比‘海沃德’高出55.26%和43.33%；‘金圆’的可溶性固形物、总糖和可滴定酸含量与‘金艳’相当，但维生素C含量比‘金艳’高4.63%，是‘海沃德’的2.2倍；‘金圆’矿质元素含量丰富，P和K含量分别比‘金艳’高30.86%和22.53%，Mg含量比‘海沃德’高24.86%；‘金圆’的总氨基酸含量丰富（8 mg/g），E/N和E/T值均高于‘金艳’和‘海沃德’，更接近于理想模式；‘金圆’在低温下（1~2℃，相对湿度90%~95%）贮藏150 d时，好果率在80%以上，200 d后，好果率仍有65%，贮藏性略低于‘金艳’，但显著高于‘海沃德’。利用Geo7-223分子标记扩增‘金圆’基因组得到3个条带，表明其与‘金艳’和‘金桃’在分子水平上具有一定差异。本研究表明‘金圆’具有良好的农艺性状和品质特性。Abstract: ‘Jinyuan’ is a kiwifruit cultivar bred in 2002 by backcrossing interspecific hybrid cultivar ‘Jinyan’ (A. chinensis×A. eriantha) as the female parent and Chinese kiwifruit (A. chinensis) as the male parent, which produced the medium-mature yellow fruit from the F1 group. The botanical characters, specificity, nutrient composition, and storage ability of the ‘Jinyuan’ kiwifruit were studied in this paper. Results showed that the ‘Jinyuan’ fruit had a short columnar shape, with a weight of 80-100 g. The flesh of the soft ripening fruit was orange-yellow, and the number of petals and filaments were close to those of its female parent ‘Jinyan’. The corolla diameter and number of stigmas were 9.31% and 52% higher than that of ‘Jinyan’, respectively. The length of the flower stalk was 16.75% lower, and the germination and fruit branching rates were also slightly lower than that of ‘Jinyan’ but were 55.26% and 43.33% higher than the ‘Hayward’ variety, respectively. The contents of soluble solids, total sugar, and organic acids in ‘Jinyuan’ were similar to those of ‘Jinyan’, but vitamin C content was 4.63% higher than ‘Jinyan’ and 2.2 times higher than ‘Hayward’. ‘Jinyuan’ exhibited mineral element richness, with P and K content 30.86% and 22.53% higher than that of ‘Jinyan’, respectively, and with Mg content 24.86% higher than that of ‘Hayward’. ‘Jinyuan’ also demonstrated abundant amino acid content (8 mg/g), and the E/N and E/T values were higher than those of ‘Jinyan’ and ‘Hayward’, close to the ideal model. After 150 d of storage in a harsh environment (T:1℃ -2℃, RH:90%-95%), the good fruit rate was above 80%. After 200 d of storage, the good fruit rate was still 65%. The ‘Jinyuan’ storage property was slightly lower than that of ‘Jinyan’, but significantly higher than that of ‘Hayward’. Three bands were observed after amplification by Geo7-223, which were different from those of ‘Jinyan’ and ‘Jintao’ at the molecular level, thus exhibiting specificity. Therefore, the ‘Jinyuan’ kiwifruit possessed good agronomic characteristics and quality, which provides a choice for improving yellow-fleshed kiwifruit and responding to market demand.
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Keywords:
- Actinidia /
- ‘Jinyuan’ /
- Yellow-flesh /
- New cultivar
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