长白山南坡苔原植被的特殊性及坡向间差异性分析

韩莹莹; 靳英华; 许嘉巍; 张英洁; 陶岩; 尹航; 金慧; 赵莹; 刘丽杰; 贺红士

doi:10.11913/PSJ.2095-0837.2019.30312

长白山南坡苔原植被的特殊性及坡向间差异性分析

1. 东北师范大学地理科学学院, 长春 130024;
2. 长白山科学研究院, 吉林二道白河 133613

基金项目:

国家自然科学基金项目（41571078，41171072）；长白山科学研究院开放基金（201501）；长白山资源与生物多样性重点实验室资助。

详细信息

作者简介:
韩莹莹(1995-),女,硕士研究生,研究方向为综合自然地理学(E-mail:hanyy104@nenu.edu.cn)。

通讯作者:
许嘉巍,E-mail:xujw634@nenu.edu.cn

中图分类号: Q948.15
计量
- 文章访问数: 938
- HTML全文浏览量: 5
- PDF下载量: 677
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2018-10-24
- 修回日期: 2018-11-26
- 网络出版日期: 2022-10-31
- 发布日期: 2019-06-27

Particularity of tundra vegetation and differences in slope directions on the southern slope of Changbai Mountain

1. School of Geographical Science, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China;
2. Changbai Mountain Academy of Sciences, Erdaobaihe, Jilin 133613, China

Funds:

This work was supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41571078, 41171072), Open Foundation of Changbai Scientific Research Academy (201501), and Changbai Mountain Key Laboratory of Resources and Biodiversity.

摘要

摘要: 以长白山苔原带南坡植被为对象，通过植被调查，与北坡和西坡植被进行比较，研究长白山苔原植被因坡向差异导致的不同植被变化模式。结果显示：（1）长白山苔原南坡植被中灌木处于优势地位，与北坡、西坡情况一致。但在物种组成上，各坡向差异明显，为中度不相似水平；（2）在生物多样性、多度、盖度等群落特征上，南坡与西坡的差异较大、与北坡相似性较强；（3）在物种多样性的空间分布上，南坡与北坡相同，即随海拔升高呈单峰变化且峰值出现在中部，与西坡物种多样性随海拔升高呈单调递减的趋势完全不同。表明不同群落抗干扰能力以及所受干扰程度存在差异，北坡处于演替中后期，较为稳定，抗干扰能力更强。南坡因受干扰强度较小，植被处于较稳定状态；（4）长白山苔原各坡向植被变化差异较大。南坡和北坡的植被相对稳定，与西坡草本植物强烈上侵明显不同。长白山苔原带植被的坡向差异源于各坡向的本底差异、环境差异以及对全球气候变化的差异性响应，是火山、强风干扰下植被演替与响应气候变化的植被变化共同作用的结果。
- 苔原植被 /
- 坡向 /
- 长白山南坡
Abstract: Climate change in tundra areas is becoming increasingly important in the context of global climate change. In this study, we established a comprehensive monitoring system to investigate the characteristics of tundra vegetation on the Changbai Mountain, with data indicating that tremendous changes have emerged in vegetation communities. In addition, obvious differences were observed in the tundra vegetation on Changbai Mountain in regard to slope direction, with the pattern in species composition and diversity of vegetation change on the northern slope found to be quite different. Results showed that:(1) Shrubs on the southern slope were dominant among vegetation communities, consistent with that observed on the northern and western slopes. However, species composition showed obvious differences in regard to slope direction, suggesting a moderate level of dissimilarity. (2) Vegetation community characteristics (e[BF].[BFY]g. biodiversity, abundance, and coverage) on the southern and northern slopes were quite similar, but differed from those on the western slope. (3) Spatial characteristics of species diversity were the same on the southern and northern slopes, and showed a single peak at mid-altitude, whereas species diversity on the western slope increased monotonously with increasing altitude. These results indicated that distinctions existed in the anti-interference ability of the vegetation communities on the different slopes. Compared with the western slope, the southern and northern slopes shared a strong vegetation community anti-interference ability. (4) Changes in vegetation on each slope were quite different. Vegetation on the southern and northern slopes was relatively stable, which differed obviously from the strong upward invasion of herbaceous plants found on the western slope. The differences in tundra vegetation based on slope direction on Changbai Mountain were due to several reasons, including background differences of each slope, environmental differences, and different responses to global climate change. It is the combination of vegetation succession and change in response to climate change under the interference of volcanoes and strong winds.
- Tundra vegetation /
- Slope aspect /
- Southern slope of Changbai Mountain

HTML全文

参考文献(43)

[1]	Wei J, Jiang P, Yu DY, Wu G, Fu HW. Distribution patterns of vegetation biomass and nutrients bio-cycle in alpine tundra ecosystem on Changbai Mountains, Northeast China[J]. J Forestry Res, 2007, 18(4):271-278.
[2]	Wilson SD, Nilsson C, Robinson SA. Arctic alpine vegetation change over 20 years[J]. GCB Bioenergy, 2010, 15(7):1676-1684.
[3]	Bjorkman AD, Elmendorf SC, Beamish AL, Vellend M, Henry GHR. Contrasting effects of warming and increased snowfall on Arctic tundra plant phenology over the past two decades[J]. GCB Bioenergy, 2016, 21(12):4651-4661.
[4]	Levett D, Middleton P, Cole M, Reid MM. Carbon cycling of alpine tundra ecosystems on Changbai Mountain and its comparison with arctic tundra[J]. Sci China, 2002, 45(10):903-910.
[5]	Myers-Smith IH, Forbes BC, Wilmking M, Hallinger M, Lantz T, Blok D, et al. Shrub expansion in tundra ecosystems:dynamics, impacts and research priorities[J]. Environ Res Lett, 2011, 6(4):45509-45523.
[6]	Klanderud K, Totland Ø. Simulated climate change altered dominance hierarchies and diversity of an alpine biodiversity hotspot[J]. Ecology, 2005, 86(8):2047-2054.
[7]	Wardle DA, Gundale MJ, Jäderlund A, Nilsson MC. Decoupled long-term effects of nutrient enrichment on aboveground and belowground properties in subalpine tundra[J]. Ecology, 2013, 94(4):904-919.
[8]	黄锡畴, 刘德生, 李祯. 长白山北侧的自然景观带[J]. 地理学报, 1959, 25(6):435-446.
[9]	黄锡畴, 李崇皜. 长白山高山苔原的景观生态分析[J]. 地理学报, 1984, 39(3):285-297. Huang XC, Li CH. An analysis on the ecology of alpine tundra landscape of Changbai Mountains[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 1984, 39(3):285-297.
[10]	Jin YH, Zhang YJ, Xu JW, Tao Y, He HS, Guo M, et al. Comparative assessment of tundra vegetation changes between north and southwest slopes of Changbai Mountains, China, in response to global warming[J]. Chin Geogra Sci, 2018, 28(4):665-679.
[11]	宗盛伟, 许嘉巍, 吴正方. 长白山西坡小叶章侵入苔原带调查与机理分析[J]. 山地学报, 2013, 31(4):448-455. Zong SW, Xu JW, Wu ZF. Investigation and mechanism analysis on the invasion of Deyeuxia angustifolia to tundra zone in western slope of Changbai Mountain[J]. Journal of Mountain Science, 2013,31(4):448-455.
[12]	刘羽霞, 许嘉巍, 靳英华, 朱瑞帅, 牛莉平, 王嫒林, 张英洁. 基于地形因子的长白山高山苔原土理化性质空间差异[J]. 生态学杂志, 2017, 36(3):640-648. Liu YX, Xu JW, Jin YH, Zhu RS, Niu LP, Wang AL, Zhang YJ. Spatial variability of soil physicochemical pro-perties in the alpine tundra of Changbai Mountain in relation to topographic factors[J]. Chinese Journal of Ecology, 2017, 36(3):640-648.
[13]	靳英华, 许嘉巍, 宗盛伟, 王鹏. 氮沉降对长白山苔原植被影响的试验研究[J]. 地理科学, 2014, 34(12):1526-1532. Jin YH, Xu JW, Zong SW, Wang P. Experimental study on the effect of nitrogen deposition on the tundra vegetation of the Changbai Mountain[J]. Scientia Geographica Sinica, 2014, 34(12):1526-1532.
[14]	Zong SW, Jin YH, Xu JW, Wu ZF, He HS, Du HB, Wang L. Nitrogen deposition but not climate warming promotes Deyeuxia angustifolia encroachment in alpine tundra of the Changbai Mountains, Northeast China[J]. Sci Total Environ, 2016, 544(15):85-93.
[15]	钱家驹, 张文仲. 长白山高山冻原植物的调查研究简报(Ⅰ)[J]. 东北师大学报(自然科学版), 1980(1):51-67. Qian JJ, Zhang WZ. A brief report on the research of the Changbaishan alpine tundra vegetation (Ⅰ)[J]. Journal of Northeast Normal University(Natural Science Edition), 1980(1):51-67.
[16]	周以良. 中国东北植被地理[M]. 北京:科学出版社, 1997.
[17]	中国科学院林业土壤研究所. 东北植物检索表[M]. 北京:科学出版社,1959.
[18]	郎惠卿,李桢. 长白山地理系统研究(一)[M]. 长春:东北师范大学出版社,2010.
[19]	宗盛伟, 许嘉巍, 吴正方, 乔琳琳, 王丹丹, 孟祥君. 长白山西坡小叶章侵入苔原带过程及影响[J]. 生态学报, 2014, 34(23):6837-6846. Zong SW,Xu JW,Wu ZF,Qiao LL,Wang DD,Meng XJ.Analysis of the process and impacts of Deyeuxia angustifolia invasion on the alpine tundra,Changbai Mountain[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2014, 34(23):6837-6846.
[20]	靳英华, 许嘉巍, 王绍先, 王嫒林, 张英洁, 金慧. 退化中的长白山西坡灌木苔原优势种分布差异[J]. 生态学报, 2017, 37(11):3716-3723. Jin YH, Xu JW, Wang SX, Wang AL, Zhang YJ, Jin H. Distribution variations of dominant plant species in degra-ded shurb tundra on the west slope of Changbai Mountain[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2017, 37(11):3716-3723.
[21]	许嘉巍,张飞虎. 长白山地理系统与生态安全[M]. 长春:东北师范大学出版社,2010.
[22]	靳英华, 许嘉巍, 刘丽娜, 贺红士, 陶岩, 宗盛伟. 长白山苔原带优势植物种的分布格局及其关联性研究[J]. 地理科学, 2016, 36(8):1212-1218. Jin YH, Xu JW, Liu LN, He HS, Tao Y, Zong SW. Spatial distribution pattern and associations of dominant plant species in the alpine tundra of the Changbai Mountains[J]. Scientia Geographica Sinica, 2016, 36(8):1212-1218.
[23]	石培礼, 李文华. 长白山林线交错带形状与木本植物向苔原侵展和林线动态的关系[J]. 生态学报, 2000, 20(4):573-580. Shi PL, Li WH. Boundary form effects of timberline ecotone on colonization of woody plants and timberline dynamics in Changbai Mountain[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2000, 20(4):573-580.
[24]	王晓东, 刘惠清. 长白山北坡林线岳桦种群动态对气候变化响应的坡向分异[J]. 地理科学, 2012, 32(2):199-206. Wang XD, Liu HQ. The dynamics response of Betula ermanii population and climate change on different slopes aspect of noeth slope, Changbai Mountions[J]. Scientia Geographica Sinica, 2012, 32(2):199-206.
[25]	邹春静, 韩士杰, 周玉梅, 王晓春, 陈永亮. 过渡带中岳桦种群生态特征的研究[J]. 应用与环境生物学报, 2001, 7(1):1-6. Zou CJ, Han SJ, Zhou YM, Wang XC, Chen YL. Study on ecological characteristics of Betula ermanii population in ecotone[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied and Environmental Biology, 2001, 7(1):1-6.
[26]	钱宏. 长白山高山冻原植物分类、植物区系、植物生态(上、下册)[D]. 沈阳:中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所,1989.
[27]	赵大昌. 长白山的植被垂直分布带[J]. 森林生态系统研究, 1980(1):65-70.
[28]	赵大昌. 长白山火山爆发和植被发展演替关系的初步探讨[J]. 资源科学, 1984, 6(1):72-78.
[29]	徐文铎, 何兴元, 陈玮, 刘常富. 长白山植被类型特征与演替规律的研究[J]. 生态学杂志, 2004, 23(5):162-174. Xu WD, He XY, Chen W, Liu CF. Characteristics and succession rules of vegetation types in Changbai Mountain[J]. Chinese Journal of Ecology, 2004, 23(5):162-174.
[30]	刘琪璟, 王少先. 长白山近期火山爆发对高山亚高山植被的影响[J]. 地理科学, 1993, 13(1):57-61. Liu QJ, Wang SX. Effects of recent volcanic eruptions in Changbai Mountain on alpine subalpine vegetation[J]. Scientia Geographica Sinica, 1993, 13(1):57-61.
[31]	周胜男, 梁宇, 贺红士, 吴志伟. 火山喷发后植被演替的影响因子[J]. 生态学杂志, 2016, 35(1):234-242. Zhou SN, Liang Y, He HS, Wu ZW. Factors affecting vegetation succession after volcano eruption[J]. Chinese Journal of Ecology, 2016, 35(1):234-242.
[32]	戴璐. 火山喷发对长白山东坡历史植被演替的影响[D]. 哈尔滨:东北林业大学, 2008.
[33]	靳英华, 许嘉巍, 梁宇, 宗盛伟. 火山干扰下的长白山植被分布规律[J]. 地理科学, 2013, 33(2):203-208. Jin YH, Xu JW, Liang Yu, Zong SW. Effects of volcanic interference on the vegetation distribution of Changbai Mountain[J]. Scientia Geographica Sinica, 2013, 33(2):203-208.
[34]	Mcdougall KL, Morgan JW, Walsh NG, Williams RJ. Plant invasions in treeless vegetation of the Australian Alps[J]. Perspect Plant Ecol, 2005, 7(3):159-171.
[35]	Brian B, Ben O, Daniel GG, Carolyn P, Thomas S, Timothy P. A rapid upward shift of a forest ecotone during 40 years of warming in the Green Mountains of Vermont[J]. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 2008, 105(11):4197-4202.
[36]	Walther GR, Burga CA. Trends in the upward shift of alpine plants[J]. J Veg Sci, 2010, 16(5):541-548.
[37]	Danby RK, Koh S, Hik DS, Price LW. Four decades of plant community change in the alpine tundra of Southwest Yukon, Canada[J]. Ambio, 2011, 40(6):660-671.
[38]	Danby RK, Hik DS. Variability, contingency and rapid change in recent subarctic alpine tree line dynamics[J]. J Ecol, 2010, 95(2):352-363.
[39]	Colwell RK, Hurtt GC. Nonbiological gradients in species richness and a spurious rapoport effect[J]. Am Nat, 1994, 144(4):570-595.
[40]	Rahbek C. The elevational gradient of species richness:a uniform pattern?[J]. Ecography, 2010, 18(2):200-205.
[41]	宗盛伟. 长白山亚高山苔原带植被变化与机理研究[D]. 长春:东北师范大学, 2014.
[42]	金樑, 杜晓光, 侯扶江, 常生华, 王晓娟. 黄土高原山地坡度对退耕农田生态系统自然植被演替初期的影响[J]. 草业科学, 2007, 24(7):66-71. Jin L, Du XG, Hou FJ, Chang SH, Wang XJ. Effects of hillside slopes on plant community succession of re-natural farmland in the Loess Plateau[J]. Pratacultural Science, 2007, 24(7):66-71.
[43]	苟曦. 川中丘陵区土壤肥力特征研究[D]. 成都:四川农业大学, 2007.

施引文献(4)

期刊类型引用(3)

1.	谢伟文，马绵英，关开朗，谭广文，梁建，刘世晗. 白云山景区南北坡向次生裸地植被恢复差异分析. 热带农业科学. 2023(08): 93-99 . 百度学术
2.	王彩玲，景嘉慧，许嘉巍，靳英华，张英洁，陈雪莹. 长白山北坡与西坡岳桦种群差异分析. 植物科学学报. 2022(01): 21-30 . 本站查看
3.	王妙雪，刘琪璟，秦立厚. 基于孢粉记录研究长白山最近两次火山爆发后的植被演替特征. 西北植物学报. 2021(03): 493-500 . 百度学术