Effect of fruit bristles on fruit dispersal and germination of Calligonum roborowskii (Polygonaceae) in south Xinjiang, China
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摘要: 塔里木沙拐枣（Calligonum roborowskii A.Los.）是仅分布于我国西北地区荒漠环境的特有种，其果实为不开裂而周围有椭圆形刺毛的瘦果，以果实为单元进行扩散和萌发。本文采用野外观察与室内控制实验相结合的方法，对塔里木沙拐枣刺毛在果实扩散、吸水、脱水及萌发中的作用进行研究。结果显示：不同贮藏时间的果实颜色、大小、重量及刺毛长度存在显著差异。完整果实在水面漂浮时间及水媒扩散能力比去除刺毛的果实更强。完整果实在1 m/s和4 m/s风速下的扩散距离比无刺毛果实的扩散距离长。10 mmol/L赤霉素（AG3）及不同干藏时间处理的完整果实与无刺毛果实在20℃/30℃光照和黑暗条件下的萌发率间存在显著差异，其中无刺毛果实的萌发率要高于完整果实的萌发率。室外盆栽实验显示，无刺毛果实的萌发率比完整果实高，说明果实刺毛对果实萌发有抑制作用。研究结果表明果实刺毛对塔里木沙拐枣在塔克拉玛干沙漠边缘荒漠环境中的扩散、萌发及种群更新具有重要的辅助作用。Abstract: Calligonum roborowskii A. Los. is an endemic species distributed only in the desert environments of northwest (Gansu and Xinjiang provinces) China. The achene fruit of this species is covered in oval bristles, with dispersal and seed germination occurring from intact achene fruit. In this paper, we investigated the effects of these bristles on dispersal, water absorption and dehydration, and fruit germination both in the field and laboratory. Results showed that there were significant differences in fruit color, size, weight, and length of bristle hairs at different storage time. The amount of time the bristled fruit floated on the surface of water and the water diffusion capacity associated with the amount of water absorption were greater than that for the non-bristled fruit. The diffusion distances of intact fruit at 1 m/s and 4 m/s wind speed were longer than that of non-bristled fruit. In addition, significant differences were found in the germination rates of bristled and non-bristled fruits under 20℃/30℃ and light-dark conditions, 10 mmol/L of AG3, and different dry storage time; specifically, the germination rate of fruits without bristles was higher than that of intact fruits in each treatment. Outdoor potted experiments show that the fruit bristles of this species have an inhibitory effect on seed germination. However, the fruit bristles have an important effect on the dispersal and germination characteristics of this species and on population renewal in the environments on the edge of the Taklamakan Desert.
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Keywords:
- Fruit bristles /
- Dispersal /
- Float /
- Fruit germination /
- Desert environment
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