Growth and reproduction of Amygdalus tangutica (Batal.) Korsh. population in arid valley sites along the Minjiang River
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摘要: 以西康扁桃（Amygdalus tangutica（Batal.） Korsh.）为材料，在岷江干旱河谷四川省阿坝藏族羌族自治州茂县至松潘段设置47个调查点进行该物种的自然分布调查；选取4个典型分布点，随机选择20株灌丛，测定西康扁桃的年龄、基径、高度、冠幅等生长指标以及结实量、结实重量等特征指标；并设置5个4 m×6 m的灌木样方，调查西康扁桃的群落结构与物种组成情况。结果显示：西康扁桃广泛分布于岷江上游干旱河谷，并在松潘县南部安宏乡形成优势群落，群落主要由灌木及多年生草本植物组成，物种丰富度较高（43~55种/24 m2）；西康扁桃当年结实量较小，平均值为（8.83 ±2.25）粒/丛；灌丛平均萌生枝数为（7.38 ±0.46）枝/丛，其中25.68%的萌生枝处于5~10 a的年龄阶段，而果重/枝叶重仅为（0.69 ±0.16）%，表明其结实能力较低，主要依靠产生萌生枝维持种群稳定；各生长与结实参数关系密切，灌丛年龄、高度是影响结实量的主要因素。研究结果表明，西康扁桃广泛分布于岷江上游干旱河谷内，灌丛有性繁殖贡献率较低，依靠无性繁殖维持群落稳定，亟需开展资源保护。Abstract: Amygdalus tangutica (Batal.) Korsh. is a native shrub species with high ecological and economic value found in the arid valley area of Southwest China. Here, we surveyed arid valley sites along the Minjiang River from the Maoxian to Songpan counties. We recorded 47 survey points where A. tangutica was abundant. Among these points, five plots were established to investigate community structure. Six shrub quadrats and 12 herb quadrats were investigated in each plot. To examine vegetative and reproductive characteristics, four sites were selected, with 20 shrubs randomly selected at each site. Variables of shrub and ramet growth (e.g., age, height, basal diameter, canopy area, branch number) and reproduction (e.g., number of fruits and fresh weight of fruit) were determined. Results showed that:(1) A. tangutica formed communities with high species richness (43-55 species/24 m2) and was widely distributed in the arid valley sites along the Minjiang River. (2) An average of 8.83 ±2.25 fruits were found on each shrub. (3) An average of 7.38 ±0.46 sprouts were found on each shrub, with 25.68% of sprouts within the age range of 5-10 years. The ratio of fruit weight to vegetative organ weight was only (0.69 ±0.16)%, indicating weak sexual reproduction capacity. (4) Growth and fruiting parameters were significantly correlated, and fruit number was significantly affected by age and height. Our results suggest that A. tangutica has adapted to the arid valley environment by producing sprouts. However, resource conservation is urgently needed.
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Keywords:
- Arid valley /
- Amygdalus tangutica /
- Vegetation restoration /
- Reproduction
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