青锋水韭，中国水韭属一六倍体新物种

顾钰峰; 向建英; 沈慧; 赵国华; 刘保东; 严岳鸿

doi:10.11913/PSJ.2095-0837.22177

Isoëtes fengii Y. F. Gu & Y. H. Yan, sp. nov., a new hexaploid species of quillwort from China

Gu Yu-Feng^{1, 2, 共,},
Xiang Jian-Ying^{3, 共},
Shen Hui⁴,
Zhao Guo-Hua⁵,
Liu Bao-Dong^{1, 2, ,},
Yan Yue-Hong^1, ,

1.
Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization, National Orchid Conservation & Research Center of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518114, China
2.
Life Science and Technology College, Harbin Normal University, Key Laboratory of Plant Biology in Colleges of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin 150025, China
3.
College of Biodiversity Conservation, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China
4.
Shanghai Chenshan Plant Science Research Center, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai 201602, China
5.
Fairy Lake Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518004, China

Funds: This work was supported by grants from the Strategic Pilot Science and Technology Project of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (XDA19050404), Innovation Project for Doctoral Students of Harbin Normal University (HSDBSCX2021-01), Hangzhou Science and Technology Development Project (20201203B113), and Research Fund Project of Fairy Lake Botanical Garden (2020-04).

More Information

Corresponding author:
Liu Bao-Dong: E-mail: 99bd@163.com

Yan Yue-Hong: yhyan@sibs.ac.cn

共同第一作者

青锋水韭，中国水韭属一六倍体新物种

顾钰峰^{1, 2, 共,},
向建英^{3, 共},
沈慧⁴,
赵国华⁵,
刘保东^{1, 2, ,},
严岳鸿^1, ,

1.
国家林业和草原局兰科植物保护和利用重点实验室，深圳市兰科植物保护研究中心，广东深圳 518114
2.
哈尔滨师范大学生命科学与技术学院，黑龙江省高校植物生物学重点实验室，哈尔滨 150025
3.
西南林业科技大学生物多样性保护学院，昆明 650224
4.
上海辰山植物园，上海市资源植物功能基因组学重点实验室，上海 201602
5.
中国科学院深圳仙湖植物园，广东深圳 518004

详细信息

中图分类号: Q949.36⁺3.2
计量
- 文章访问数: 326
- HTML全文浏览量: 52
- PDF下载量: 77
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-08-02
- 修回日期: 2022-10-13
- 网络出版日期: 2023-05-05
- 刊出日期: 2023-04-29

摘要

Abstract:
The genus Isoëtes is a widely distributed group of lycophytes. This paper reports on the discovery of a new population of Isoëtes in Yunnan Province, China The population is hexaploid and contains 66 chromosomes. The spores were observed using scanning electron microscopy, which revealed several unique characteristics. Notably, the megaspores (diameter 470 – 500 µm, mean of 480 µm) exhibited a reticulate ornamentation on the proximal and distal surfaces, while the microspores displayed an echinate pattern to their surfaces. These characteristics distinguish the new species from the previously documented hexaploid species in China, I. orientalis Hong Liu & Q. F. Wang. Phylogenetic analysis based on chloroplast genome data further supported recognition of this distinct species. Thus, we identified and named the new species I. fengii Y. F. Gu & Y. H. Yan, sp. nov. in the present paper. Morphologically, diploid species I. yunguiensis Q. F. Wang & W. C. Taylor shares similarities in leaf and megaspore characters with the new species but differs by laevigate-granulate microspores and ovate sporangia. I. fengii sp. nov. also differs from the hexaploid species I. japonica A. Braun, previously thought to be distributed in China and characterized by laevigate microspores. Because of their limited geographic range, small population size, low number of individuals, and disturbed habitats, I. fengii sp. nov. is evaluated as critically endangered (CR). To aid in the identification and conservation of these rare and endangered plants, we provide a key to all currently known quillworts in China.
- Taxonomy /
- Isoetaceae /
- Endangered species /
- Chromosome counting /
- Isoëtes fengii sp. nov.
摘要:
水韭属（Isoëtes）是一类世界广布的石松类植物，本文报道了在云南省发现的一个新的水韭属居群。该居群为六倍体群体，染色体数目为66条。利用扫描电镜对其进行孢子观察，发现其大孢子赤道面直径为470 ~ 500 µm (平均480 µm)，近极面和远极面纹饰均为网格状，小孢子表面为棘刺状纹饰，与之前国内记载的六倍体物种东方水韭（Isoëtes orientalis Hong Liu & Q. F. Wang）不同，基于叶绿体基因组数据重建的系统发育结构支持该物种是一个独立物种，最终将其确定为一个新物种，命名为青锋水韭（I. fengii Y. F. Gu & Y. H. Yan）。青锋水韭与二倍体云贵水韭（I. yunguiensis Q. F. Wang & W. C. Taylor）在叶和大孢子形态上较为相似，但后者的小孢子表面为瘤状突起且孢子囊为卵形；而与六倍体宽叶水韭（I. japonica A. Braun）的区别在于后者的小孢子表面光滑。青锋水韭目前仅在云南省紫溪山森林公园发现两个居群，且数目很少，根据IUCN 红色名录评估标准，将青锋水韭评为极危（CR）等级。本文编制了中国已知水韭属物种的分种检索表，以期为本属物种的鉴定和保护工作提供参考。
- 分类学 /
- 水韭科 /
- 濒危物种 /
- 染色体统计 /
- 青锋水韭

HTML全文

Figure 1. Isoëtes fengii Y. F. Gu & Y. H. Yan, sp. nov.

A: Plant in situ, taken by Yufeng Gu in Chuxiong in 2019; B: Corm; C: Sporangium with no velum coverage and complete fenestra (bar = 1500 µm); D: Leaf transection at base (bar = 800 µm); E: Ligule (bar = 800 µm).

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

Figure 2. Chromosome squash of mitotic root-tip cells of Isoëtes fengii sp. nov.

A: Metaphase chromosome of a hexaploid, 2n = 66; B: Line drawing of Fig 2: A (bar = 10 μm).

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

Figure 3. Isoëtes fengii sp. nov. spore ornamentation

A, B: Megaspore; C, D: Microspore (bars: megaspores, 100 µm; megaspores, 5 µm). Images by Wen Shao and Guohua Zhao.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

1	Individual diploidy (2n = 22)· 2
−	Individual polyploidy· 6
2	Megaspore laevigate· 3
−	Megaspore echinate, cristate, reticulate, tuberculate· 4
3	Plants 2 – 5 cm height, microspore glabrous· I. hypsophila
−	Plants 3 – 18 cm height, microspore echinate-cristate· I. shangrilaensis
4	Microspore echinate· 5
−	Microspore laevigate-granulate· I. yunguiensis
5	Megaspore tuberculate; from Taiwan· I. taiwanensis
−	Sepals narrowly elliptic or lanceolate, apex acute to apiculate · 6
6	Microspore echinate-tuberculate· I. orientalis
−	Microspore echinate· 7
7	Megaspore reticulate on at least one side· 8
−	Megaspore never reticulate· 9
8	Individual hexaploid (2n = 66); from Yunnan, altitude· Isoëtes fengii sp. nov.
−	Individual tetraploid (2n = 44); from Hunan· I. xiangfei
9	Megaspore size 310 – 350 μm (mean = 325 μm)· I. longpingii
−	Megaspore size 350 – 430 μm (mean = 380 μm)· I. sinensis

下载: 导出CSV

参考文献(21)

[1]	Linnaeus CA. Species Plantarum[M]. Holmiae: Impensis Laurentii Salvii, 1753: 1−1200.
[2]	Pereira JBS,Labiak PH,Stützel T,Schulz C. Nuclear multi-locus phylogenetic inferences of polyploid Isoëtes species (Isoëtaceae) suggest several unknown diploid progenitors and a new polyploid species from South America[J]. Bot J Linn Soc,2019,189 (1):6−22. doi: 10.1093/botlinnean/boy068
[3]	Taylor WC,Hickey RJ. Habitat,evolution,and speciation in Isoetes[J]. Ann Mo Bot Gard,1992,79 (3):613−622. doi: 10.2307/2399755
[4]	Hickey RJ. Isoëtes megaspore surface morphology:nomenclature,variation,and systematic importance[J]. Am Fern J,1986,76 (1):1−16. doi: 10.2307/1547394
[5]	Pfeiffer NE. Monograph of the Isoetaceae[J]. Ann Mo Bot Gard,1922,9 (2):79−233. doi: 10.2307/2990000
[6]	Troia A,Pereira JB,Kim C,Taylor WC. The genus Isoetes (Isoetaceae):a provisional checklist of the accepted and unresolved taxa[J]. Phytotaxa,2016,277 (2):101−145. doi: 10.11646/phytotaxa.277.2.1
[7]	Ppg I. A community-derived classification for extant lycophytes and ferns[J]. J Syst Evol,2016,54 (6):563−603. doi: 10.1111/jse.12229
[8]	李想. 地质和气候对横断山区水韭属植物遗传结构及其适应性进化的影响[D]. 武汉大学, 2017: 1−30.
[9]	Lu YJ,Gu YF,Yan YH. Isoetes baodongii (Isoetaceae),a new basic diploid quillwort from China[J]. Novon,2021,29:206−210. doi: 10.3417/2021680
[10]	Shu JP,Gu YF,Ou ZG,Shao W,Yang J,et al. Two new tetraploid quillwort species,Isoëtes longpingii and I. xiangfei from China (Isoëtaceae)[J]. Guihaia,2022,42 (10):1623−1631.
[11]	Li X,Huang YQ,Dai XK,Liu X. Isoetes shangrilaensis,a new species of Isoetes from Hengduan mountain region of Shangri-la,Yunnan[J]. Phytotaxa,2019,397 (1):65−73. doi: 10.11646/phytotaxa.397.1.6
[12]	Hoot SB,Napier NS,Taylor WC. Revealing unknown or extinct lineages within Isoëtes (Isoëtaceae) using DNA sequences from hybrids[J]. Am J Bot,2004,91 (6):899−904. doi: 10.3732/ajb.91.6.899
[13]	Hoot SB,Taylor WC. The utility of nuclear ITS,a LEAFY homolog intron,and chloroplast atpB-rbcL spacer region data in phylogenetic analyses and species delimitation in Isoëtes[J]. Ame Fern J,2001,91 (3):166−177. doi: 10.1640/0002-8444(2001)091[0166:TUONIA]2.0.CO;2
[14]	Wang Y,Shang H,Zhou XL,Zhao GH,Dai XL,Yan YH. Adiantum × ailaoshanense (Pteridaceae),a new natural hybrid from Yunnan,China[J]. Phytotaxa,2015,236 (3):266−272. doi: 10.11646/phytotaxa.236.3.7
[15]	Wang T,Xiao B,Liu ED,Nguyen KS,Duan JQ,et al. Rediscovery of Angiopteris tonkinensis (Marattiaceae) after 100 years,and its revision[J]. Phytokeys,2020,161:1−9. doi: 10.3897/phytokeys.161.54912
[16]	Zhang R,Yu JH,Shao W,Wang WQ,Shang H,et al. Ceratopteris shingii,a new species of Ceratopteris with creeping rhizomes from Hainan,China[J]. Phytotaxa,2020,449 (1):23−30. doi: 10.11646/phytotaxa.449.1.3
[17]	Pereira JBS,Giulietti AM,Prado J,Vasconcelos S,Watanabe MTC,et al. Plastome-based phylogenomics elucidate relationships in rare Isoëtes species groups from the Neotropics[J]. Mol Phylogenet Evol,2021,161:107177. doi: 10.1016/j.ympev.2021.107177
[18]	Brunton DF,Sokoloff PC,Aymerich P. The taxonomy,status and origin of Isoetes × brochonii and I. creussensis (Isoetaceae),two Pyrenean endemic taxa[J]. Bot Lett,2020,167 (4):391−408. doi: 10.1080/23818107.2020.1790034
[19]	Wang QF,Liu X,Taylor WC,He ZR. Isoetes yunguiensis (Isoetaceae),a new basic diploid quillwort from China[J]. Novon,2002,12 (4):587−591. doi: 10.2307/3393143
[20]	Gu YF, Shu JP, Lu YJ, Shen H, Shao W, et al. Insights into cryptic speciation of quillworts in China[J]. Plant Divers, 2022. doi: 10.1016/j.pld.2022.11.003.
[21]	IUCN. IUCN red list categories and criteria, version 2021-3, 2021. [EB/OL]. http: //www.iucnredlist.org/.