Effects of Forest Gap Disturbance on Plant Species Diversity and Stability in Regeneration Layers of Castanopsis kawakamii Natural Forests
-
摘要: 采用物种多样性指数和改进的M. Godron稳定性法研究林窗干扰对格氏栲(Castanopsis kawakamii)自然保护区天然林更新层物种多样性和稳定性的影响。结果表明:林窗干扰改善了微环境,表现在林窗和林下乔灌层树种重要值和多样性存在差异。林窗乔木层中丰富度指数R、优势度指数D、Shannon-Wiener指数H、均优多指数Z均高于林下,均匀度指数Js和群落优势度指数C低于林下;灌木层中R、D、H、Js、Z指数均高于林下,群落优势度指数C低于林下,林窗物种多样性更为丰富,生态优势种不明显,群落向复杂化和均匀化方向发展。林窗与林下乔木层Jaccard相似性系数Cj、Sorenson相似性系数Cs、Bray-Curtis指数CN相对较低,Morista-Horn指数CmH较高,林窗对树种更新具有促进作用;灌木层相似性系数Cj、Cs、CN、CmH均较高,物种组成基本一致。根据M.Godron稳定性原理拟合出稳定性模型,林窗和林下乔木层分别为对数模型与二次函数模型,林窗和林下灌木层最佳拟合模型均为对数模型。林窗乔木层植物处于稳定状态,林下乔木层植物不稳定;林窗和林下灌木层植物均处于稳定状态。林窗和林下乔木层树种中以桂北木姜子(Litsea subcoriacea)重要值最高,说明其在森林更新中占有重要地位,可能对格氏栲种群更新产生较大影响。林下乔木层中格氏栲重要值较低,格氏栲更新存在困难,而林窗干扰促进了格氏栲的向上生长和重要值的提升,可有效实现格氏栲种群的更新和恢复。Abstract: The effect of forest gap disturbance on the diversity and stability of species in the regeneration layers of natural Castanopsis kawakamii forest were studied by applying biodiversity indices and improved M.Godron’s stability methods in C.kawakamii natural reserve.The results showed that: forest gap disturbance improved its micro-environment,as reflected in the differences in importance values and biodiversity in the tree and shrub layers of forest gap and understory.The biodiversity indices of richness index R,domination index D,Shannon-Wiener diversity index H,and evenness-dominance-abundance index Z in the forest gap tree layer were higher than those of the forest understory,while evenness index Js and community domi- nance C were lower than those of the forest understory.The biodiversity indices of R, D, H, Js, and Z in the forest gap shrub layer were higher than those of the forest understory,while C were lower than those of forest understory.Biodiversity in the forest gap was richer with less evident ecological dominant species,which indicated that the population in the forest gap was developing in the direction of complexity and homogeneity.The similarity coefficients of Cj, Cs, and CN were relatively low,while CmH was relatively high in the tree layer of the forest gap and understory,which demonstrated that the forest gap promoted the regeneration of trees.The similarity coefficients of Cj, Cs, CN, and CmH were relatively high without exception and the species composition in the forest gap were basically identical with those of the understory.According to the theory of M.Godron and the simulated the optimum stability model,the logarithm model and quadratic objective function model were the best stability models in tree layer of the forest gap and understory, respectively,and the optimum stability model of the shrub layer in both the forest gap and understory was the logarithm model.The plants in the tree layer of the forest gap were stable,but were unstable in the understory.The plants in the shrub layer of both the forest gap and understory were stable.The importance value of Litsea subcoriacea was the highest in the tree layer of the forest gap and understory,which showed that it played an important role in forest regeneration and would likely have a greater impact on the regeneration of C.kawakamii population.The importance value of C.kawakamii was relatively low in the tree layer of the forest understory,which impacted its regeneration.However,forest gap di-sturbance improved the upward growth and importance value of C.kawakamii,which could achieve the regeneration and restoration of the C.kawakamii population effectively.
-
Keywords:
- Castanopsis kawakamii /
- Forest gap /
- Species diversity /
- Stability
-
-
[1] Canham C D.Different responses to gaps among shade tolerant tree species[J] .Ecology,1989,70(3): 548-550. [2] 臧润国,刘静艳,董大方.林隙动态与森林生物多样性[M].北京: 中国林业出版社,1999,73-74. [3] Schliemanna S A,Bockheim J G.Methods for studying treefall gaps: A review[J].Forest Ecol Ma-nag,2011,261: 1143-1151. [4] Sefidi K,Mohadjer M R,Mosandl R,Copenheaver C A.Canopy gaps and regeneration in old-growth Oriental beech(Fagus orientalis Lipsky) stands,northern Iran[J].Forest Ecol Manag,2011,262(6): 1094-1099. [5] Wang G L,Liu F.The influence of gap creation on the regeneration of Pinus tabuliformis planted fo-rest and its role in the near-natural cultivation stra-tegy for planted forest management[J].Forest Ecol Manag,2011,262(3): 413-423. [6] 刘少冲,段文标,冯静,韩生忠.林隙对小兴安岭阔叶红松林树种更新及物种多样性的影响[J].应用生态学报,2011,22(6): 1381-1388. [7] Latif Z A,Blackburn G A.The effects of gap size on some microclimate variables during late summer and autumn in a temperate broadleaved deciduous forest[J].Int J Biometeorol,2010,54(2): 119-129. [8] Nagel T A,Svoboda M,Rugani T,Diaci J.Gap regeneration and replacement patterns in an old-growth Fagus-Abies forest of Bosnia-Herzegovina[J].Plant Ecol,2010,208(2): 307-318. [9] Munoz A A,Gonzalez M E.Tree regeneration patterns in canopy gaps after a decade of Chusquea quila (Poaceae) dieback in an old-growth remnant forest in the lake district of south-central Chile[J].Rev Chil Hist Nat,2009,82(2): 185-198. [10] Didion M,Kupferschmid A D,Lexer M J,Rammer W,Seidl R,Bugmann H.Potentials and limitations of using large-scale forest inventory data for evaluating forest succession models[J].Ecol Model,2009,220(2): 133-147. [11] Kitaoka S,Watanabe M,Watanabe Y,Kayama M,Nomura M,Sasa K.Growth of regenerated tree seedlings associated with microclimatic change in a mature larch plantation after harvesting[J].Landsc Ecol Eng,2009,5(2): 137-145. [12] Liu J F,Hong W,Pan D M,Li J Q,Wu C Z.A study on multidimensional time series of individual age’s measurement in Castanopsis kawakamii population[J].Acta Ecol Sin,2009,29(4): 232-236. [13] 刘金福,何中声,洪伟,郑世群,王兆杰.濒危植物格氏栲保护生态学研究进展[J].北京林业大学学报,2011,33(5): 136-143. [14] 刘金福,洪伟,李俊清,杨文晖.格氏栲林林窗自然干扰规律[J].生态学报,2003,23(10): 1991-1999. [15] 刘金福,于玲,洪伟,李俊清,许忠实.格氏栲林林窗物种多样性动态规律的研究[J].林业科学,2003,39(6): 159-164. [16] 刘金福,洪伟,李俊清,林荣福.格氏栲群落林窗边缘效应研究[J].应用生态学报,2003,14(9): 1421-1426. [17] 刘金福,洪伟.格氏栲群落生态学研究——格氏栲林主要种群生态位的研究[J].生态学报,1999,19(3): 347-352. [18] 何中声,刘金福,郑世群,洪伟,吴承祯,徐道炜.格氏栲天然林林窗边界木特征研究[J].福建林学院学报,2011,31(3): 201-211. [19] 何中声,刘金福,洪伟,郑世群,吴承祯,吴则焰,牛杰,林义君.中亚热带格氏栲天然林幼苗竞争强度研究[J].热带亚热带植物学报,2011,19(3): 230-236. [20] 张金屯.数量生态学[J].北京: 科学出版社, 2004. [21] 钱迎倩,马克平.生物多样性研究的原理与方法[M].北京: 中国科学技术出版社, 1994. [22] Godron M.Some aspects of heterogeneity in grasslands of Cantal[J].Stat Ecol,1972,3: 397-415. [23] 郑元润.森林群落稳定性研究方法初探[J].林业科学,2000,36(5): 28-32. [24] 朱教君,刘世荣.森林干扰生态研究[M].北京: 中国林业出版社,2007. [25] 张立敏,陈斌,李正跃.应用中性理论分析局域群落中的物质多样性及稳定性[J].生态学报,2010,30(6): 1556-1563. [26] Tilman D.Causes,consequences and ethics of biodiversity[J].Nature,2000,405: 208-211. [27] 张继义,赵哈林.植被(植物群落)稳定性研究评述[J].生态学杂志,2003,22(4): 42-48. [28] 唐诚,刘彤,刘学录,刘超.古尔班通古特沙漠西南缘梭梭群落多样性和稳定性研究[J].干旱区资源与环境,2010,24(8): 148-153.
计量
- 文章访问数: 3537
- HTML全文浏览量: 1
- PDF下载量: 2130
下载:
