Stomatal Traits are Evolutionarily Associated with Vein Density in Basal Angiosperms
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摘要: 植物叶片通过气孔的水分蒸腾散失和叶脉的水分供应达到水分平衡，而基部被子植物在进化过程中叶片水分供应和蒸腾散失是否达到平衡或关联进化还缺乏了解。本研究以11种基部被子植物为材料，测定了气孔密度、气孔长度、叶脉密度和叶片厚度4个叶片性状，并结合系统发育树，利用系统发育独立对比的方法分析这些性状之间的关联进化。结果显示：沿进化方向，气孔密度和叶脉密度逐渐增加，而气孔长度和叶片厚度有减小的趋势；无论是否考虑系统发育的影响，气孔密度都与叶脉密度呈显著正相关关系，说明二者之间存在关联进化，并证实了基部被子植物叶片水分平衡假说；气孔密度和长度、叶脉密度均与叶片厚度呈显著线性相关，但在去除系统发育的影响后这种线性相关关系不再显著，说明叶片厚度与其它三个叶片性状不存在关联进化。本研究结果还表明，叶片的水分供应和散失乃至CO2通透性的平衡主导着基部被子植物叶片结构和功能的进化。Abstract: Plant leaves reach water balance by evaporative water loss through stomata and water supply from leaf veins. However,it is still unclear whether water supply and transpiration demand maintained balance during the evolution of basal angiosperms. In the present study,we measured stomatal density,stomatal length,vein density and leaf thickness from 11 basal angiosperm species and applied phylogenetically independent contrasts,combined with phylogenetic trees,to detect correlated-evolution between traits. Our results showed that along the evolutionary direction,stomatal density and vein density increased gradually while stomatal length and leaf thickness expressed a declining trend; whether phylogeny was considered or not,stomatal density was positively correlated with vein density,indicating their correlated-evolution,and supporting the hypothesis that leaf water balance existed in basal angiosperms; leaf thickness was correlated significantly with both stomatal traits and vein density; however,after removing the phylogenetic effect,these correlations disappeared,indicating non-correlated evolution between these traits. The results of the present study revealed that the maintenance of the balance between water demand and supply,and even CO2 supply,drove the evolution of leaf structure and function in basal angiosperms.
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Keywords:
- Basal angiosperms /
- Evolutionary association /
- Stomatal density /
- Vein density /
- Water balance
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