Comparisons of Stem Anatomical Structures among Litchi, Longan and Longli
-
摘要: 为了观察荔枝、龙眼和龙荔茎解剖结构的异同, 采用徒手切片法和组织离析法, 对荔枝、龙眼和龙荔20份材料的茎横切面结构和导管分子的特征进行了比较研究。结果表明:(1)各试材的茎横切结构由外到内依次为:周皮、皮层、维管组织、髓和射线, 但其结构特征总体上差异较大;龙眼种质的平均髓率(26.19%)显著高于龙荔(22.43%)和荔枝(6.96%), 各试材间, 褐毛荔枝的髓率最小(3.37%), ‘三月红’居中(14.14%), 野生龙眼最大(30.27%);荔枝的树皮率(41.93%)显著大于龙眼(33.21%)和龙荔(29.83%)。(2)各试材的导管密度未见明显规律, 以‘三月红’的导管密度最小(93.17 个/mm2), 龙荔次之, 为101.78 个/mm2;荔枝的导管总面积/木质部面积的比值显著大于龙眼和龙荔;‘三月红’的射线宽度(22.13 μm)显著大于其它试材。(3)20份试材的导管分子绝大多数属于孔纹式或网纹式, 极少数为环纹式或螺纹式或梯纹式;‘三月红’的导管分子内径(35.97 μm)显著大于其它试材, 龙荔次之(33.90 μm);褐毛荔枝的导管分子(238.52 μm)显著长于其它试材。(4)导管分子短、孔径大、端壁倾斜度小(或水平)、无尾、孔纹、单穿孔板均是导管分子进化的特征;在荔枝试材中, ‘三月红’的导管分子较为进化, 而褐毛荔枝则较为原始。(5)对茎结构特征指标进行聚类分析, 结果显示, 20份试材首先聚为2大类, 荔枝12份试材(除‘三月红’外)聚为第1大类;龙眼6份试材、龙荔及荔枝‘三月红’聚为第2大类;在这2大类的基础上又分为8个组, 各组均有独自的显著特征。对荔枝、龙眼和龙荔3类植物茎结构特征的比较可知, 总体上荔枝比龙眼原始, 而龙荔居荔枝和龙眼之间。Abstract: To observe similarities and differences in stem anatomical structures among litchi, longan and longli, we compared the stem transverse structures and vessel elements of 20 different materials among litchi, longan and longli by free hand section and tissue segregation procedure, respectively. The results showed that (1) The stem structure of the experimental materials from the inside to the outside was periderm, cortex, vascular tissue, pith and ray, but their structure characteristics exhibited great differences. Average pith rate of longan germplasm (26.19%) was significantly greater than that of longli (22.43%) or litchi (6.96%) germplasm, and among them the lowest pith rate was found in Litchi chinensis var. fulvosus (3.37%), followed by ‘Sanyuehong’ (14.14%), and wild longan (30.27%). In addition, the bark rate of litchi (41.93%) was significantly greater than that in longan (33.21%) and longli (29.83%). (2) Vessel density of each tested material was not obviously regular, with ‘Sanyuehong’ (93.17 No./mm2) exhibiting minimum vessel density, followed by longli (101.78 No./mm2); total vessel area/xylem area of litchi was significantly higher than that of longan and longli; the ‘Sanyuehong’ (22.13 μm) ray was significantly wider than that of the other tested materials. (3) Vessel elements mostly belonged to pitted or reticulate vessels, but did include a few ringed, spiral or scalariform vessels in the 20 accessions. Vessel diameter of ‘Sanyuehong’ (35.97 μm) was significantly higher than that of the other tested materials, followed by longli (33.90 μm), with and L. chinensis var. fulvosus (238.52 μm) significantly longer than other specimens. (4) The vessel elements of large aperture, short, end wall of small inclination (or level), no tail, pitted pattern, and simple perforation plate were evolutionary vessel element traits. In litchi germplasm, the vessel elements of ‘Sanyuehong’ were evolutionary, and L. chinensis var. fulvosus was more primitive. (5) Cluster analysis of the stem index structures found that the 20 accessions were firstly divided into two categories. The first category was Litchi germplasm resources, except ‘Sanyuehong’, and the second category included all longan germplasm resources, longli and litchi ‘Sanyuehong’. These two categories were then divided into eight groups, with each group having significant features alone. Comparison of species anatomical stem features showed that litchi was more primitive than longan, and longli was in the middle.
-
Keywords:
- Litchi /
- Longan /
- Longli /
- Stem /
- Transection structure /
- Vessel element
-
-
[1] 苏伟强, 黄海滨, 陆玉英, 刘荣光. 龙荔与龙眼荔枝过氧化物酶同工酶分析及亲缘关系研究初报[J]. 广西农业科学, 1993(4): 158-159. [2] Liu CM, Mei MT. Classification of lychee cultivars with RAPD analysis[J]. Acta Horticulturae, 2005, 665: 149-159.
[3] 周佳. 荔枝高密度遗传图谱构建及若干重要种质的分子标记分析[D]. 广州: 华南农业大学, 2009. [4] Van Buren R, Li JG, Zee F, Zhu JH, Liu CM, Arumuganathan AK, Ming R. Longli is not a hybrid of longan and lychee as revealed by genome size analysis and trichome morphology[J]. Tropical Plant Biol, 2011, 4: 228-236.
[5] 喻诚鸿. 次生木质部的进化与植物系统发育的关系[J]. 植物学报, 1954, 3(2): 183-196. [6] 喻诚鸿. 木材解剖在植物分类研究中的意义[J]. 植物学报, 1956, 5(4): 411-425. [7] 吕静, 胡玉熹. 伯乐树茎次生木质部结构的研究[J]. 植物学报, 1994, 36(6): 459-465. [8] 张新英, 高信曾. 十齿花次生木质部和次生韧皮部的解剖学研究[J]. 植物学报, 1995, 37(5): 534-538. [9] 胡正海. 植物比较解剖学在中国50年的进展和展望[J]. 西北植物学报, 2003, 23(2): 244-355. [10] 陈严平, 李信, 张跃华, 杨世清, 何丽莲. 甘蔗属及近缘植物茎的比较解剖研究[J]. 云南大学学报, 1998, 20: 573-576. [11] 李晶, 王布云, 韩丽娟. 中国金缕梅科12属植物次生木质部的比较解剖[J]. 南开大学学报自然科学版, 2003, 36(4): 100-105. [12] 汪琼, 史云云, 姚青菊, 徐增莱, 吕晔, 杭珍. 夏腊梅和美国腊梅及属间杂种'红运’营养器官解剖结构特征比较[J]. 植物资源与环境学报, 2011, 20(3): 62-68. [13] Roth I. Structural patterents of tropical bark[M]// Roth I ed. Handbuch der Pflanzenanatomie Ⅸ / 3 Bortraegar. Berlin: Stutlgart, 1981: 546-560.
[14] Fahn A. 植物解剖学[M]. 吴树明, 刘德仪, 译. 天津: 南开大学出版社, 1990: 497. [15] 陈树思. 荔枝次生木质部导管分子及穿孔板观察研究[J]. 广西植物, 2007, 27(3): 397-400. [16] 郑瑞, 周方方, 林萍, 姚小华, 陆畅, 张小平. 不同油茶品种叶片横切面解剖特征及其亲缘关系分析[J]. 植物资源与环境学报, 2013, 22(2): 18-29. [17] 赵昱, 刘占林. 5种松树针叶解剖结构的数量分析[J]. 西北林学院学报, 2010, 25(2): 19-24. [18] 蔡联炳, 张同林. 根据叶解剖特征试论赖草属及其相关类群间的亲缘关系[J]. 西北植物学报, 2006, 26(3): 537-543. [19] 刘霞, 彭抒昂, 郭文武. 三种柑橘实生砧木及其两种体细胞杂种根系解剖结构的比较[J]. 园艺学报, 2008, 35(9): 1249-1254. [20] 李晓燕, 王林和, 李连国, 刘艳, 李巧玲, 赵灵芝. 沙棘茎的形态解剖特征与其生态适应性研究[J]. 干旱区资源与环境, 2008, 22(3): 189.
计量
- 文章访问数: 1881
- HTML全文浏览量: 6
- PDF下载量: 4860
下载:
