Effects of natural grasses and intercropping green manure on the composition and diversity of the weed community in a citrus orchard
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摘要: 以湖北当阳柑橘园杂草群落为对象，研究绿肥种植（自然生草和间种光叶苕子）下配施减量氮肥处理（当地推荐施氮肥量的0%、70%、85%、100%）对橘园杂草群落组成和多样性的影响，并运用Pearson相关分析和典范对应分析探究土壤因子对不同处理下杂草多样性和物种组成的影响。结果显示：（1）经样方调查，试验区共记录杂草植物21科29属30种，以禾本科和菊科为主，稗（Echinochloa crusgalli（L.） Beauv.）、酢浆草（Oxalis corniculata L.）、野老鹳草（Geranium carolinianum L.）等是所有处理中的共有种，自然生草下以匙叶鼠麴草（Gnaphalium pensylvanicum Willd.）和稗为优势种，间种光叶苕子（Vicia villosa Roth.var.glabrescens Koch.）下以酢浆草为优势种；（2）不同氮肥施入量下柑橘园草本物种Margalef指数、Patrick指数、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数和Pielou均匀度指数均无显著差异；相同施肥量下，间种光叶苕子能显著降低柑橘园杂草群落的物种多样性指数；（3）速效磷是显著影响柑橘园草本植物多样性指数的土壤因子；（4）不同处理下影响杂草物种分布的主要土壤因子是速效磷、pH值、含水率和温度。本研究认为无论减施氮肥与否，间种光叶苕子比自然生草更能显著降低杂草群落的物种多样性，从而避免恶性杂草与果树争肥。Abstract: In this study, the weed communities under eight different treatments of nitrogen fertilizer application (0%, 70%, 85%, and 100% of local recommended nitrogen application rate) and sod culture (natural grasses and intercropping green manure) were investigated in a citrus orchard in Dangyang, Hubei Province, China. The effects of the sod culture, reducing nitrogen fertilizer application, and soil factors on the composition and diversity of weed communities were explored by Pearson correlation analysis and canonical correspondence analysis. Results showed that: (1) Based on the plot investigation, 30 weed species in 29 genera and 21 families were recorded in the eight treatments. The species were mainly from Gramineae and Composite; Echinochloa crusgalli (L.)Beauv., Oxalis corniculata L., and Geranium carolinianum L. were common species in all treatments; Echinochloa crusgalli and Gnaphalium pensylvanicum Willd. were dominant species under natural grass treatments; Oxalis corniculate was the dominant species under intercropping with Vicia villosa Roth. var. glabrescens Koch.(2) No significant differences in the Margalef, Patrick, Shannon-Wiener diversity, and Pielou evenness indices for weed communities were observed among the different nitrogen fertilizer amounts; intercropping green manure significantly reduced the species diversity index of the weed communities in the citrus orchard. (3) Available phosphorus in the soil significantly affected weed diversity. (4) The main soil factors that affected the distribution of weed species under the different treatments were available phosphorus, pH, water content, and temperature. This study indicates that whether nitrogen fertilizer is reduced or not, intercropping with Vicia villosa Roth. var. glabrescens Koch. significantly decreas weed diversity, suppresses the growth of malignant weeds, and reduces competition for fertilizer with fruit trees.
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Keywords:
- Nitrogen fertilizer /
- Green manure /
- Species diversity /
- Weed community /
- Soil factor /
- Citrus orchard
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