Physiological and metabolomic analysis of Plantago asiatica L. in response to cadmium stress
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摘要:
本研究测定了镉（Cd）胁迫下车前（Plantago asiatica L.）超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化物酶（POD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）的活性以及还原型谷胱甘肽（GSH）的含量，以探明车前响应Cd胁迫的生理机制，并进一步利用代谢组学方法筛选差异代谢物，并进行代谢通路富集分析。结果显示，随着Cd浓度的升高，SOD和CAT活性显著下降，POD活性显著上升，且总体呈先上升后下降的趋势，而GSH含量没有显著变化。50 mg/kg Cd胁迫组（YT3）与对照组（YT0）之间的显著差异代谢物有78个，其中31个上调，47个下调，且差异代谢物主要集中在糖类和氨基酸类。差异代谢物主要富集到20条通路中，包括3条糖代谢途径和3条脂类代谢途径。
Abstract:In this study, the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and catalase (CAT) and content of reduced glutathione (GSH) in Plantago asiatica L. under cadmium (Cd) stress were determined to explore the biological mechanisms of P. asiatica in response to such stress. Metabolomics was further used to screen differential metabolites, and metabolic pathway enrichment analysis was conducted. Results showed that with the increase in Cd concentration, the activities of SOD and CAT decreased significantly, POD activity increased significantly, with an overall trend of first increasing and then decreasing. GSH content showed no significant differences. There were 78 metabolites showing significant differences between the 50 mg/kg Cd stress group (YT3) and control group (YT0), including 31 up-regulated and 47 down-regulated metabolites, mainly carbohydrates and carboxylic acids. The differential metabolites were mainly enriched in 20 pathways, including three glucose metabolism pathways and three lipid metabolism pathways.
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Keywords:
- Plantago asiatica /
- Cd stress /
- Physiological indexes /
- Metabonomics
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图 1 车前在Cd胁迫下超氧化物歧化酶SOD（A）、过氧化物酶POD（B）、过氧化氢酶CAT（C）活性和还原型谷胱甘肽GSH含量（D）的变化
YT0、YT1、YT2、YT3和YT4分别表示对照组及3、10、50、100 mg/kg Cd胁迫组。不同小写字母表示在0.05水平显著差异。
Figure 1. Changes in SOD (A), POD (B), CAT (C), and GSH (D) in Plantago asiatica under Cd stress
YT0, YT1, YT2, YT3, and YT4 represent CK, 3, 10, 50, and 100 mg/kg Cd stress groups, respectively. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences at 0.05 level.
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图 2 PCA得分散点图（A）、PCA载荷图（B）、OPLS-DA得分散点图（C）以及OPLS-DA模型的置换检验结果（D）
CK 和 TT 分别表示对照组和 50 mg/kg Cd 胁迫组。
Figure 2. Scatter plot of PCA scores (A), PCA load plot (B), scatter plot of OPLS-DA (C), and OPLS-DA model permutation test results (D)
CK and TT represent control and 50 mg/kg Cd stress groups, respectively.
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图 3 差异代谢物火山图
Fold change：胁迫组和对照组车前差异标志代谢物含量比例。
Figure 3. Volcano plot for differential metabolites
Fold change: Proportion of metabolite concentrations in Plantago asiatica of Cd-stressed group compared to control group
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图 4 差异代谢物聚类热图
颜色由蓝到红表示代谢物的表达丰度从低到高；每列代表1个样本处理，每个格子代表1种代谢物。
Figure 4. Differential metabolite clustering heatmap
Colors from blue to red indicate abundance of metabolites from low to high. Each column represents one sample treatment, and each grid represents one metabolite.
表 1 KEGG 通路富集详情
Table 1 KEGG pathway enrichment
KEGG 通路
KEGG pathway代谢物数目
Number of metabolites通路 ID
Pathway IDP 值
P-value化合物
Compound嘌呤代谢 4 map00230 0.07 cpd:C00037甘氨酸
cpd:C00242鸟嘌呤
cpd:C00064 L-谷氨酰胺
cpd:C00086尿素丙酸代谢 3 map00640 0.14 cpd:C05984 2-羟基丁酸
cpd:C05235 羟基丙酮
cpd:C00099 β-丙氨酸半乳糖代谢 7 map00052 0.21 cpd:C00984 α-D-半乳糖
cpd:C00103 D-葡萄糖1-磷酸
cpd:C00795 D-塔格糖
cpd:C00137肌醇
cpd:C05400蜜二糖
cpd:C05400蜜二糖
cpd:C00984 α-D-半乳糖磷酸肌醇代谢 2 map00562 0.28 cpd:C03546 D-肌醇4-磷酸
cpd:C00137肌醇磷脂酰肌醇信号系统 2 map04070 0.28 cpd:C03546 D-肌醇4-磷酸
cpd:C00137肌醇果糖和甘露糖代谢 2 map00051 0.28 cpd:C01487 D-阿洛糖
cpd:C00392甘露糖醇不饱和脂肪酸的生物合成 3 map01040 0.36 cpd:C00712油酸
cpd:C06427 α-亚麻酸
cpd:C01530硬脂酸神经活性配体-受体相互作用 3 map04080 0.36 cpd:C00037甘氨酸
cpd:C00099 β-丙氨酸
cpd:C00334 4-氨基丁酸嘧啶代谢 4 map00240 0.40 cpd:C00064 L-谷氨酰胺
cpd:C02067假尿苷
cpd:C00086尿素
cpd:C00099 β-丙氨酸戊糖和葡萄糖醛酸相互转化 6 map00040 0.45 cpd:C00103 D-葡萄糖-1-磷酸
cpd:C00514 D-甘露酸盐
cpd:C00502 D-木糖酸盐
cpd:C00800 L-古洛糖酸
cpd:C00474核糖醇
cpd:C00167 UDP-葡萄糖醛酸色氨酸代谢 1 map00380 0.53 cpd:C05659 5-甲氧基色胺 硫胺素代谢 1 map00730 0.53 cpd:C00037甘氨酸 核黄素代谢 1 map00740 0.53 cpd:C00474核糖醇 光转导-果蝇 1 map04745 0.53 cpd:C01530硬脂酸 坏死性凋亡 1 map04217 0.53 cpd:C00319鞘氨醇 促性腺激素释放激素分泌 1 map04929 0.53 cpd:C00334 4-氨基丁酸 幽门螺杆菌感染中的上皮细胞信号传导 1 map05120 0.53 cpd:C00086尿素 细胞凋亡 1 map04210 0.53 cpd:C00319鞘氨醇 α-亚麻酸代谢 1 map00592 0.53 cpd:C06427 α-亚麻酸 阿卡波糖和有效霉素生物合成 1 map00525 0.53 cpd:C00103 D-葡萄糖 1-磷酸 
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