Comprehensive evaluation of the physiological response and heat tolerance of six Dahlia pinnata Cav. cultivars to high-temperature stress
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摘要:
本文以6个大丽花（Dahlia pinnata Cav.）品种为材料，研究高温胁迫处理（40℃/35℃，14 h 昼/10 h 夜）2 d对其形态和生理指标的影响，应用相关性分析、主成分分析和隶属函数法计算耐热性综合评价值D，并用逐步回归分析法筛选鉴定大丽花耐热性指标。结果显示：（1）高温胁迫后，叶片中Fv/Fm值和叶绿素含量均下降；抗坏血酸和还原型谷胱甘肽含量在叶片中上升，在茎中下降；可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白含量在叶片和茎中均下降；总酚含量在叶片中显著上升，在茎中显著下降；花青素含量在叶片和茎中均上升。（2）基于耐热性综合评价值D，6个品种中，‘SLGZ’耐热性较强；‘KEW’、‘QKL’和‘YH-C11’耐热性中等；‘AGR-C1’和‘YY-C5’耐热性弱。（3）回归分析结果表明，叶片的半致死温度和叶绿素含量、茎的可溶性蛋白和抗坏血酸含量、热害指数可作为鉴定大丽花耐热性的指标。
Abstract:Six cultivars of Dahlia pinnata Cav. were used to investigate the effects of high-temperature stress (40℃/35℃, 14 h/10 h (day/night), 2 d) on morphological and physiological indices. Correlation analysis, principal component analysis, and membership function analysis were applied to calculate the comprehensive evaluation value D for heat resistance and stepwise regression analysis was used to screen indicators of heat tolerance. Results showed: (1) After high-temperature stress, the Fv / Fm value and chlorophyll content decreased in leaves. Ascorbic acid and reduced glutathione contents increased in leaves and decreased in stems, while soluble sugar and soluble protein contents decreased in both leaves and stems. Total phenol content increased significantly in leaves and decreased significantly in stems, while anthocyanin content increased in leaves and stems. (2) According to the comprehensive evaluation value D for heat resistance, among the six varieties, ‘SLGZ’ showed the strongest heat resistance, ‘KEW’, ‘QKL’, and ‘YH-C11 showed medium heat resistance, and ‘AGR-C1’ and ‘YY-C5’ showed the weakest heat resistance. (3) Regression analysis indicated that semi-lethal temperature and chlorophyll content of leaves, soluble protein and ascorbic acid content of stems, and the heat damage index could be used as indicators of heat tolerance in dahlias.
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Keywords:
- Dahlia pinnata /
- High-temperature stress /
- Heat tolerance /
- Comprehensive evaluation
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图 1 高温胁迫对大丽花形态的影响
Figure 1. Effects of high-temperature stress on Dahlia pinnata morphology
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图 3 高温胁迫对大丽花叶片生理指标的影响
*和**分别表示在0.05和0.01水平上差异显著。下同。
Figure 3. Effects of high-temperature stress on physiological indices of Dahlia pinnata leaves
* and ** are significantly different at 0.05 and 0.01 levels, respectively. Same below.
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图 4 高温胁迫对大丽花茎生理指标的影响
Figure 4. Effects of high-temperature stress on physiological indices of Dahlia pinnata stems
表 1 6个供试大丽花品种基本信息
Table 1 Information on six Dahlia pinnata cultivars
品种
Variety来源
Origin‘YH-C11’ 广州市怡华园艺有限公司 ‘AGR-C1’ 云南艾格瑞农业科技有限公司 ‘YY-C5’ 上海源怡种苗公司 ‘SLGZ’ 北京中世花卉有限公司 ‘QKL’ 北京林业大学 ‘KEW’ 甘肃 
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表 2 大丽花形态指标和热害指数
Table 2 Dahlia pinnata morphology and heat damage indices
品种
Cultivar枝条长度
Branch length / cm枝条粗度
Branch diameter / mm热害指数
Heat damage index / %排序
Order‘YH-C11’ 41.83 ± 0.48cd 8.62 ± 0.17b 20.00 2 ‘AGR-C1’ 26.67 ± 0.99ed 7.33 ± 0.23c 53.33 4 ‘YY-C5’ 21.50 ± 1.45e 6.08 ± 0.14d 80.00 6 ‘SLGZ’ 42.02 ± 0.61b 12.62 ± 0.47a 13.33 1 ‘QKL’ 48.17 ± 0.55c 9.50 ± 0.29b 33.33 3 ‘KEW’ 46.58 ± 0.84a 17.33 ± 0.80a 60.00 5 注：同列不同小写字母表示不同品种在0.05水平上差异显著。 Note：Different lowercase letters in the same column indicate significant difference at 0.05 level.
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表 3 叶和茎的Logistic 方程及半致死温度
Table 3 Logistic equations and LT50 values of leaves and stems
测定部位
Measurement site品种
Culticar回归方程
Logistic equation决定系数
R2半致死温度
LT50 / ℃叶片 ‘YH-C11’ Y = 71.80/(1 + e−(49.34−x)) + 27.21 0.996 49.34 ‘AGR-C1’ Y = 75.56/(1 + e−(47.79−x)) + 15.07 0.996 47.79 ‘YY-C5’ Y = 64.01/(1 + e−(46.07−x)) + 37.29 0.990 46.07 ‘SLGZ’ Y = 75.19/(1 + e−(49.65−x)) + 27.21 0.997 49.65 ‘QKL’ Y = 68.21/(1 + e−(50.38−x)) + 22.58 0.998 50.38 ‘KEW’ Y = 67.11/(1 + e−(48.80−x)) + 20.41 0.999 48.80 茎 ‘YH-C11’ Y = 62.86/(1 + e−(54.49−x)) + 13.48 0.989 54.49 ‘AGR-C1’ Y = 49.24/(1 + e−(51.60−x)) + 24.24 0.993 51.60 ‘YY-C5’ Y = 43.56/(1 + e−(51.21−x)) + 20.60 0.997 51.21 ‘SLGZ’ Y = 72.52/(1 + e−(52.35−x)) + 12.66 0.990 52.35 ‘QKL’ Y = 65.67/(1 + e−(55.10−x)) + 82.44 0.967 55.10 ‘KEW’ Y = 66.65/(1 + e−(52.63−x)) + 30.55 0.998 52.63
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表 4 半致死温度、热害指数和各指标相对值的相关性分析
Table 4 Correlation analysis of relative values of LT50, HI, and each index
指标
IndexLT50
(L)LT50
(S)Fv/Fm
(L)Carotenoids (L) Chl
(L)AsA
(L)AsA
(S)GSH
(L)GSH
(S)SS
(L)SS
(S)SP
(L)SP
(S)TP
(L)TP
(S)Anthocyanin
(L)Anthocyanin
(S)HI LT50 (L) 1 TL50 (S) 0.81 1 Fv/Fm (L) 0.976** 0.709 1 Carotenoids (L) −0.779 −0.737 −0.710 1 Chl (L) 0.419 0.109 0.475 −0.492 1 AsA (L) 0.751 0.967** 0.615 −0.644 0.048 1 AsA (S) 0.404 0.041 0.506 0.134 0.476 0.062 1 GSH (L) −0.067 0.088 −0.248 −0.164 −0.432 0.232 −0.604 1 GSH (S) −0.274 −0.490 −0.064 0.303 0.234 −0.669 0.238 −0.818* 1 SS (L) 0.590 0.356 0.660 0.039 0.060 0.350 0.822* −0.436 0.068 1 SS (S) 0.457 −0.100 0.495 −0.319 0.581 −0.087 0.470 0.066 −0.033 0.250 1 SP (L) 0.547 0.453 0.412 −0.355 0.276 0.622 0.356 0.432 −0.783 0.305 0.490 1 SP (S) 0.256 −0.153 0.389 −0.273 0.918** −0.266 0.523 −0.636 0.577 0.108 0.578 −0.039 1 TP (L) −0.185 −0.395 0.016 0.332 0.392 −0.532 0.500 −0.946** 0.932** 0.242 −0.014 −0.574 0.667 1 TP (S) 0.784 0.643 0.785 −0.908* 0.369 0.478 −0.086 −0.012 −0.021 0.117 0.330 0.082 0.300 −0.135 1 Anthocyanin (L) 0.108 −0.080 0.213 −0.409 0.798 −0.248 0.074 −0.548 0.600 −0.269 0.238 −0.321 0.863* 0.590 0.421 1 Anthocyanin (S) −0.832* −0.775 −0.811 0.953** −0.458 −0.629 0.023 0.069 0.099 −0.142 −0.236 −0.186 −0.317 0.131 −0.964** −0.446 1 HI −0.833* −0.609 −0.876* 0.335 −0.112 −0.551 −0.623 0.293 0.038 −0.911* −0.313 −0.332 −0.108 −0.057 −0.500 0.160 0.505 1 注： *和**分别表示在0.05和0.01水平上差异显著。L：叶片；S：茎；Fv/Fm：最大荧光量子效率；Chl：叶绿素含量；Carotenoids：类胡萝卜素含量；AsA：抗坏血酸含量；GSH：还原型谷胱甘肽含量；SS：可溶性糖含量；SP：可溶性蛋白质含量；Anthocyanin：花青素含量；TP：总酚含量；HI：热害指数。
Notes: * and ** are significantly different at 0.05 and 0.01 probability levels, respectively. L: Leaf; S: Stem; Fv/Fm: Maximum fluorescence quantum efficiency; Chl: Chlorophyll content; Carotenoids: Carotenoid content; AsA: Ascorbic acid content; GSH: Reduced glutathione content; SS: Soluble sugar content; SP: soluble protein content; Anthocyanin: Anthocyanin content; TP: Total phenolic content.
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表 5 各指标主成分的特征向量及贡献率
Table 5 Eigenvector and contribution rates of principal components of all indices
主成分
Principle factorP-1 P-2 P-3 P-4 特征值 7.24 5.19 2.82 1.90 贡献率 / % 40.25 28.84 15.68 10.56 累计贡献率 / % 40.25 69.09 84.77 95.33 特征向量 LT50 (L) 0.37 −0.03 0.05 −0.02 Fv/Fm (L) 0.36 0.06 0.08 −0.05 Anthocyanin (S) −0.32 −0.01 0.26 0.17 Carotenoids(L) −0.31 0.06 0.33 0.01 LT50 (S) 0.30 −0.18 −0.02 −0.25 TP (S) 0.30 0.01 −0.27 −0.17 HI −0.29 −0.02 −0.32 0.17 AsA (L) 0.27 −0.24 0.04 −0.14 TP (L) −0.05 0.42 0.09 −0.16 GSH (L) −0.09 0.39 −0.02 −0.23 GSH (S) −0.04 −0.38 −0.15 0.25 SP(S) 0.13 0.38 −0.12 0.23 Anthocyanin (L) 0.08 0.33 −0.36 0.02 Chl (L) 0.19 0.27 −0.17 0.32 SS (L) 0.19 0.08 0.49 −0.10 AsA (S) 0.15 0.23 0.42 0.18 SS (S) 0.17 0.12 0.02 0.53 SP (L) 0.20 −0.20 0.15 0.45 注： P-1：主成分1；P-2：主成分2；P-3：主成分3；P-3：主成分4。缩写同表4。
Notes: P-1: Principle factor 1; P-2: Principle factor 2; P-3: Principle factor 3; P-3: Principle factor 3. Abbreviations are the same as those given in Table 4.
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表 6 不同品种大丽花的综合指标值(C)、权重、U(Xj)、D 值及VP值
Table 6 Comprehensive index (C), index weight, U(Xj), D-value, and predicted value of each cultivar
品种
CultivarC1 C2 C3 C4 U(X1) U(X2) U(X3) U(X4) D VP 排序
Order‘YH-C11’ 0.36 0.02 0.41 −1.95 0.73 0.56 0.65 0.00 0.59 0.58 4 ‘AGR-C1’ −0.70 −0.49 −0.41 −0.01 0.35 0.37 0.38 0.70 0.40 0.38 5 ‘YY-C5’ −1.65 −0.21 0.31 0.31 0.00 0.48 0.62 0.82 0.34 0.31 6 ‘SLGZ’ 0.57 0.97 1.46 0.81 0.81 0.91 1.00 1.00 0.89 0.89 1 ‘QKL’ 1.10 −1.51 −0.22 0.63 1.00 0.00 0.44 0.93 0.60 0.59 3 ‘KEW’ 0.33 1.22 −1.55 0.22 0.72 1.00 0.00 0.79 0.69 0.67 2 权重 / % 42.22 30.25 16.45 11.08 注： C1：综合指标值1；C2：综合指标值2；C3：综合指标值3；C4：综合指标值4。U(X1)：隶属函数值1；U(X2)：隶属函数值2；U(X3)：隶属函数值3；U(X4)：隶属函数值4。D：耐热性综合评价值。VP：预测值。
Notes: C1: Comprehensive index value 1; C2: Comprehensive index value 2; C3: Comprehensive index value 3; C4: Comprehensive index value 4. U(X1): Membership function value 1; U(X2): Membership function value 2; U(X3): Membership function value 3; U(X4): Membership function value 4. D: Temperature resistance comprehensive evaluation values. VP: Predicted value.
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