Variation and correlation analysis of florescence and main ornamental traits of Chrysanthemum × morifolium Ramat. varieties
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摘要:
以菊花（Chrysanthemum × morifolium Ramat.）大菊品种自然群体及7个杂交群体为实验材料，分析比较了不同品种开花期和7个主要观赏性状的变异特点及其相关性，为筛选杂交亲本和选育早花优良品种提供依据。结果显示：大菊自然群体的8个性状中，除开花期外，其余性状变异系数均高于15%；相关性分析结果表明，开花期和封顶叶片数之间呈显著负相关；开花持续期与开花期呈极显著负相关，与舌状花轮数呈极显著正相关。杂交群体的8个性状中，除开花期外，变异系数均高于15%，但各杂交群体的开花期性状变异系数明显高于自然群体；杂交群体Ⅲ和Ⅴ的瓣型与花色更为丰富，且花期也较早。相关性分析结果表明，开花期和瓣型、舌状花轮数、封顶叶片数之间均呈极显著负相关，和花色之间呈显著负相关；开花持续期和舌状花轮数、舌状花数量之间呈极显著正相关，和瓣型之间呈极显著负相关，和花色之间呈显著负相关；开花期和开花持续期之间呈极显著正相关。研究结果表明，通过有性杂交可以获得开花期变异更广泛的子代植株，从而筛选开花期更早的大菊新品种。
Abstract:Using natural and hybrid populations of chrysanthemum as experimental materials, we analyzed the variation characteristics and correlations of florescence and ornamental characters among different varieties, then compared and analyzed the results to provide a basis for screening hybrid parents and breeding good varieties of early-flowering chrysanthemums. Results showed that the coefficients of variation of the eight traits in the natural chrysanthemum population were higher than 15%, except for flowering stage traits. Analysis showed a significant negative correlation between flowering stage and number of stem leaves. There was a highly significant negative correlation between flowering duration and flowering stage, and a highly significant positive correlation between flowering duration and number of ray flower turns. Among the eight traits in the hybrid populations, the coefficients of variation were higher than 15%, except for flowering traits, but the coefficients of variation for florescence traits of each hybrid population were also significantly higher than that of the natural population. Compared with other hybrid populations, the petal types and flower colors of hybrid populations Ⅲ and Ⅴ were more abundant, with earlier flowering stages. Analysis showed a highly significant negative correlation between flowering stage and petal type, number of ray flower turns, and number of stem leaves, and a significant negative correlation between flowering stage and flower color. There was a highly significant positive correlation between flowering duration and number of tubular flower turns and number of tubular flowers, a highly significant negative correlation between flowering duration and petal type, and a significant negative correlation between flowering duration and flower color. There was a highly significant positive correlation between flowering stage and flowering duration. Therefore, progeny plants with wider variation in flowering stage can be obtained through sexual hybridization, with new chrysanthemum varieties showing earlier flowering. Early flowering parents can be selected according to the characteristics of fewer leaves, more ray flower turns, petals close to flat petals, and flower color close to orange and pink lines. Sexual hybridization with varieties exhibiting better flower type and color can be carried out to obtain better early flowering varieties of Chrysanthemum with stable flowering stage from late September to early October.
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Keywords:
- Chrysanthemum /
- Florescence traits /
- Main ornamental traits /
- Variation /
- Correlation
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图 1 大菊杂交亲本遗传距离聚类分析
Figure 1. Cluster analysis of genetic distance of chrysanthemum hybrid parents
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图 2 早花大菊杂交亲本
A：‘玉环公主’；B：‘东篱知秋’；C：‘绿宝石’；D：‘滦风飒爽’；E：‘滦凤洒爽’；F：‘红魁’；G：‘唐宇金秋’。
Figure 2. Hybrid parents of early flowering chrysanthemums
A: ‘Yuhuangongzhu’; B: ‘Donglizhiqiu’ ; C: ‘Lvbaoshi’ ; D: ‘Luanfengsashuang’ ; E: ‘Luanfengsashuang’ ; F: ‘Hongkui’ ; G: ‘Tangyujinqiu’.
表 1 大菊自然群体花期和主要观赏性状的变异分析
Table 1 Analysis of major variation in chrysanthemum varieties and ornamental characters
性状
Trait最小值
Minimum最大值
Maximum标准差
Standard deviation变异系数
Variation coefficient / %花径 / cm 8.00 29.30 3.00 19.00 瓣型 1.00 8.00 1.15 57.33 舌状花轮数 / 轮 0.00 25.00 4.08 51.50 舌状花数量 / 朵 0.00 2531.00 269.01 73.01 封顶叶片数 / 片 10.00 47.00 5.73 25.02 花色 2.00 9.00 1.83 33.50 开花期 / d 145.00 210.00 9.44 5.10 开花持续期 / d 13.00 49.00 6.90 22.30 
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表 2 大菊自然群体主要观赏性状和花期性状间的相关系数
Table 2 Correlation coefficients between main ornamental and flowering characters of chrysanthemum varieties
性状
Trait观赏性状和花期性状间的相关系数 Correlation coefficients between ornamental and flowering characters 花径
Flower diameter瓣型
Petal type舌状花轮数
No. of ray flower rounds舌状花数量
No. of ray flowers封顶叶片数
No. of leaves花色
Color开花期
Flowering period开花持续期
Flowering duration花径 1.00 瓣型 0.11* 1.00 舌状花轮数 −0.08 −0.06 1.00 舌状花数量 −0.04 −0.09 0.12* 1.00 封顶叶片数 −0.01 −0.14* 0.03 −0.01 1.00 花色 0.02 0.03 −0.02 −0.07 −0.02 1.00 开花期 0.06 0.04 −0.07 0.06 −0.12* 0.05 1.00 开花持续期 −0.12 −0.06 0.40** 0.01 0.13 0.04 −0.38** 1.00 注：*、**分别表示在0.05和0.01水平上差异显著。下同。 Note: * and ** indicate significant difference at 0.05 and 0.01 levels, respectively. Same below.
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表 3 初步筛选大菊杂交亲本的性状表现
Table 3 Preliminary screening of characters of chrysanthemum hybrid parents
杂交亲本
Hybrid parents花径
Flower diameter / cm瓣型
Petal type舌状花轮数
No. of ray flower rounds舌状花数量
No. of ray flowers封顶叶片数
No. of leaves花色
Color开花期
Flowering period / d开花持续期
Flowering duration / d定植日期
Planting date开花日期
Flowering date得分
Score等级
Grade‘东篱知秋’ 15.3 2.0 11.0 434.0 21.0 3.0 152.0 31.0 4月23日 9月22日 86.78 1 ‘唐宇金秋’ 17.4 5.0 12.0 457.0 27.0 7.0 166.0 33.0 4月23日 10月06日 86.37 1 ‘绿宝石’ 16.2 7.0 12.0 459.0 19.0 8.0 161.0 27.0 4月23日 10月01日 86.13 1 ‘滦风飒爽’ 17.6 2.0 25.0 516.0 21.0 6.0 171.0 39.0 4月23日 10月11日 84.80 1 ‘飞流直下’ 16.0 8.0 15.0 480.0 24.0 6.0 166.0 39.0 4月23日 10月06日 84.15 1 ‘红 魁’ 18.2 1.0 25.0 625.0 28.0 5.0 173.0 33.0 4月23日 10月13日 81.18 1 ‘滦凤洒爽’ 15.0 4.0 10.0 420.0 27.0 4.0 172.0 32.0 4月23日 10月12日 80.82 1 ‘唐宇秋荷’ 15.7 1.0 10.0 418.0 33.0 6.0 168.0 40.0 4月23日 10月08日 79.60 1 ‘粉旋球’ 17.8 5.0 8.0 228.0 21.0 6.0 171.0 34.0 4月23日 10月11日 77.14 1 ‘粉十八’ 16.5 7.0 2.0 50.0 17.0 6.0 172.0 36.0 4月23日 10月12日 76.21 1 ‘玉环公主’ 10.9 1.0 2.0 107.0 15.0 3.0 145.0 19.0 4月23日 9月15日 72.31 2 ‘晚月莲香’ 11.5 7.0 11.0 460.0 22.0 6.0 173.0 25.0 4月23日 10月13日 72.30 2 ‘天成秀色’ 16.4 5.0 12.0 458.0 27.0 3.0 165.0 32.0 4月23日 10月05日 72.11 2
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表 4 早花大菊杂交组合
Table 4 Early flowering chrysanthemum hybrid combinations
杂交亲本
Hybrid parents杂交组合编号
Hybrid combination number母本 × 父本 ‘玉环公主’ Ⅰ ‘玉环公主’ × ‘东篱知秋’ ‘东篱知秋’ Ⅱ ‘东篱知秋’ × ‘玉环公主’ ‘绿宝石’ Ⅲ ‘绿宝石’ × ‘玉环公主’ ‘滦风飒爽’ Ⅳ ‘滦风飒爽’ × ‘玉环公主’ ‘滦凤洒爽’ Ⅴ ‘滦凤洒爽’ × ‘玉环公主’ ‘唐宇金秋’ Ⅵ ‘唐宇金秋’ × ‘东篱知秋’ ‘红魁’ Ⅶ ‘红魁’ × ‘东篱知秋’
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表 5 大菊杂交群体花期和主要观赏性状的变异分析
Table 5 Variation analysis of flowering period and ornamental characters of chrysanthemum hybrid populations
性状
Trait杂交群体
Hybrid combination最小值
Minimum最大值
Maximum标准差
Standard deviation变异系数
Variation coefficient / %花径 / cm Ⅰ 5.20 16.00 2.38 23.00 Ⅱ 8.70 17.70 2.21 18.18 Ⅲ 7.00 17.80 1.95 17.25 Ⅳ 7.00 14.90 1.52 14.09 Ⅴ 6.90 17.20 2.06 18.39 Ⅵ 9.90 18.07 2.54 19.35 Ⅶ 6.00 17.90 2.02 18.50 瓣型 Ⅰ 1.00 5.00 0.53 25.88 Ⅱ 1.00 4.00 0.61 30.87 Ⅲ 1.00 7.00 1.21 67.22 Ⅳ 1.00 5.00 1.07 68.98 Ⅴ 1.00 8.00 1.25 71.05 Ⅵ 1.00 8.00 2.17 74.45 Ⅶ 1.00 5.00 0.78 50.09 舌状花轮数 Ⅰ 1.00 11.00 2.28 55.94 Ⅱ 3.00 24.00 4.58 49.41 Ⅲ 1.00 14.00 3.38 57.41 Ⅳ 1.00 15.00 2.89 48.69 Ⅴ 1.00 12.00 2.25 40.58 Ⅵ 2.00 4.00 3.67 67.29 Ⅶ 1.00 11.00 2.26 44.54 舌状花数量 Ⅰ 32.00 540.00 64.58 73.27 Ⅱ 36.00 664.00 156.56 66.79 Ⅲ 14.00 526.00 117.67 65.66 Ⅳ 29.00 344.00 72.94 54.48 Ⅴ 14.00 399.00 76.49 59.27 Ⅵ 42.00 524.00 128.07 80.55 Ⅶ 29.00 398.00 79.55 66.97 封顶叶片数 Ⅰ 8.00 42.00 5.92 26.93 Ⅱ 16.00 34.00 3.01 13.60 Ⅲ 11.00 33.00 6.63 28.97 Ⅳ 14.00 30.00 4.19 20.46 Ⅴ 12.00 31.00 4.71 23.23 Ⅵ 12.00 35.00 7.02 31.50 Ⅶ 11.00 33.00 4.61 23.69 花色 Ⅰ 2.00 7.00 1.57 39.83 Ⅱ 3.00 7.00 1.44 27.46 Ⅲ 2.00 7.00 1.57 36.52 Ⅳ 2.00 9.00 1.24 31.09 Ⅴ 2.00 8.00 2.04 41.15 Ⅵ 2.00 8.00 1.85 43.27 Ⅶ 2.00 7.00 1.46 36.38 开花期 / d Ⅰ 140.00 192.00 17.12 11.80 Ⅱ 131.00 172.00 16.17 10.70 Ⅲ 131.00 161.00 14.01 10.50 Ⅳ 132.00 168.00 15.00 9.85 Ⅴ 131.00 152.00 12.00 9.10 Ⅵ 140.00 192.00 16.15 11.30 Ⅶ 133.00 190.00 23.15 9.26 开花持续期 / d Ⅰ 14.00 30.00 5.61 25.70 Ⅱ 14.00 45.00 5.72 26.00 Ⅲ 14.00 45.00 6.73 26.10 Ⅳ 15.00 43.00 5.60 22.30 Ⅴ 16.00 45.00 6.32 21.23 Ⅵ 14.00 33.00 6.10 28.33 Ⅶ 15.00 42.00 6.71 35.35
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表 6 大菊杂交群体主要观赏性状和花期性状间的相关系数
Table 6 Correlation coefficients between main ornamental and flowering period characters of hybrid populations of chrysanthemum
性状
Trait主要观赏性状和花期性状间的相关系数 Correlation coefficients between main ornamental and flowering characters 花径
Flower diameter瓣型
Petal
type舌状花轮数
No. of ray flower rounds舌状花数量
No. of ray flowers封顶叶片数
No. of leaves花色
Color开花期
Flowering period开花持续期
Flowering duration花径 1.00 瓣型 0.02 1.00 舌状花轮数 0.17** −0.12** 1.00 舌状花数量 0.16** −0.06 0.79** 1.00 封顶叶片数 0.08 −0.05 0.02 0.09* 1.00 花色 −0.23 0.24 0.28* 0.25 0.09 开花期 0.03 −0.15** −0.15** −0.03 −0.16** −0.35* 1.00 开花持续期 −0.03 −0.44** 0.20** 0.26** −0.07 −0.29* 0.18** 1.00
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