Community characteristics and population structure of Heptacodium miconioides Rehder within and around Nanhe National Nature Reserve, Hubei
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摘要:
七子花（Heptacodium miconioides Rehder）为我国特有的落叶灌木或小乔木，被列入国家重点保护野生植物名录和世界自然保护联盟（IUCN）受威胁植物名录。2022年8月，被认为在湖北消失115年的七子花，在谷城南河国家级自然保护区及其周边被重新发现。本研究以新发现的3个七子花种群（傅家寨、玉皇阁和李庙镇）为研究对象，分析其生境特征、伴生群落物种组成、种群结构和受威胁因素。分布区的植被为典型的落叶阔叶林，以小叶鹅耳枥（Carpinus stipulata H. J. P. Winkl.）、化香树（Platycarya strobilacea Siebold & Zucc.）、七子花和栓皮栎（Quercus variabilis Blume）为优势种。新发现种群共记录到151株七子花，基本都分布于海拔1 000~1 300 m的山脊或崖壁上。七子花的大小级结构图呈纺锤型，表明新发现种群为衰退型，实生苗更新不足。新发现的151株个体中有137株（91%）产生萌蘖，共产生936个萌蘖，平均每株6.83个。大量的萌蘖在很大程度上弥补了幼苗的不足，使该物种能够占领其生态位，利于种群的维持。新发现种群位于偏远山区的山脊和崖壁上，人为干扰较小，因此可以推测内因是其种群衰退的主要驱动力。建议对周边区域开展更大规模的调查，同时采用包括就地保护、人工扩繁、迁地保护和野外回归在内的整合保护计划加强对七子花的保护和可持续利用。
Abstract:Heptacodium miconioides Rehder (seven-son flower) is listed as a vulnerable species on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species and is also included in the List of National Key Protected Wild Plants in China. This shrub or small tree was first recorded in 1907 by Ernest Wilson in western Hubei, central China, and was later found in Zhejiang and Anhui. However, for the next 115 years, it was not observed in Hubei and was presumed to be locally extinct. In August 2022, the species was rediscovered in the Hubei Nanhe National Nature Reserve, approximately 100 km from its type locality. The discovery site is characterized by typical deciduous broad-leaved forest, dominated by Carpinus stipulata H.J.P. Winkl., Platycarya strobilacea Siebold & Zucc., H. miconioides, and Quercus variabilis Blume. Our surveys identified 151 individuals across three localities at elevations of 1 000–1 300 m. The size class structure (main stem) of the rediscovered populations is spindle-shaped, suggesting a decline due to insufficient seedling recruitment. Of the 151 newly discovered individuals, 137 (91%) produced a total of 936 suckers, averaging 6.83 suckers per plant. This prolific sprouting may compensate for the lack of seedlings, helping to maintain populations and enabling species persistence in the niche. As these populations are located in remote mountain ridges and cliffs with minimal human disturbance, the population decline may be driven primarily by internal factors. We recommend additional field surveys to identify potential undiscovered populations, alongside a comprehensive conservation plan, including in situ conservation, artificial cultivation of seedlings, ex situ conservation, and reintroduction efforts.
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图 1 七子花
a：1907年采自湖北兴山的七子花标本；b：2022年湖北南河国家级自然保护区及周边新发现的七子花生境；c：叶片；d：花；e：树干。
Figure 1. Heptacodium miconioides
a: Specimen of Heptacodium miconioides collected in Xingshan, western Hubei in 1907; b: H. miconioides at the rediscovery sites within and around Nanhe National Nature Reserve, western Hubei in 2022. c: Leaf; d: Flower; e: Trunk and bark.
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图 2 七子花种群分布示意图
●代表之前报道的种群，▲代表新发现种群。
Figure 2. Populations of Heptacodium miconioides endemic to China
Locations of known (dots) and rediscovered (triangles) populations.
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图 3 湖北南河国家级自然保护区及周边新发现七子花种群的大小级结构图
a：傅家寨；b：玉皇阁；c：谷城所有个体（傅家寨+玉皇阁+李庙镇）。
Figure 3. Size class structures of rediscovered populations of Heptacodium miconioides within and around Nanhe National Nature Reserve, Hubei, China
a: Fujiazhai; b: Yuhuangge; c: Gucheng (Fujiazhai+Yuhuangge+Limiaozhen).
表 1 湖北南河国家级自然保护区及周边新发现的3个七子花种群的位置信息与种群数量特征
Table 1 Locations and quantitative characteristics of three Heptacodium miconioides populations at rediscovery sites within and around Nanhe National Nature Reserve, Hubei, China
位点
Site纬度
Latitude / N经度
Longitude / E海拔
Elevation / m主干数
No. of main stems萌蘖数
No. of sprouts相对幼苗密度
RSD萌蘖率
RS产生萌蘖的
个体比率
PMSI产生萌蘖个体
的平均萌蘖数
NSMSI傅家寨 32°0′18.17″ 111°26′27.81″ 1 129 99 647 0.12 6.54 0.88 7.44 玉皇阁 32°0′17.12″ 111°27′42.58″ 1 001 51 287 0.02 5.63 0.96 5.86 李庙镇 31°58′14.04″ 111°30′23.16″ 1 206 1 2 0.00 2.00 1.00 2.00 总计 151 936 0.09 6.20 0.91 6.83 注：RSD，相对幼苗密度；RS，萌蘖率；PMSI，产生萌蘖的个体比例；NSMSI，产生萌蘖个体的平均萌蘖数。 Notes: RSD, proportion of number of seedlings to total number of main stems; RS, ratio of number of sprouts to number of main stems; PMSI, proportion of sprouting individuals among all individuals; NSMSI, number of sprouts per sprouting individual. 
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表 2 湖北南河国家级自然保护区及周边新发现的七子花群落的物种组成和重要值
Table 2 Species composition with importance value (IV) of forest community associated with Heptacodium miconioides at rediscovery sites within and around Nanhe National Nature Reserve, Hubei, China
物种
Species丰度
Abundance相对密度
Relative density相对显著度
Relative dominance重要值
IV / %小叶鹅耳枥Carpinus stipulata H. J. P. Winkl. 26 0.205 0.235 22.00 化香树Platycarya strobilacea Siebold & Zucc. 23 0.181 0.190 18.54 七子花Heptacodium miconioides Rehder 25 0.197 0.097 14.67 栓皮栎Quercus variabilis Blume 11 0.087 0.089 8.79 灯台树Cornus controversa Hemsl. 1 0.008 0.105 5.66 山鸡椒Litsea cubeba (Lour.) Pers. 12 0.095 0.015 5.49 黄连木Pistacia chinensis Bunge 1 0.008 0.075 4.14 亮叶桦Betula luminifera H. J. P. Winkl. 1 0.008 0.064 3.60 茅栗Castanea seguinii Dode 2 0.016 0.043 2.93 黄栌Cotinus coggygria Scop. 5 0.039 0.010 2.45 朴树Celtis sinensis Pers. 1 0.008 0.037 2.25 双盾木Dipelta floribunda Maxim. 3 0.024 0.012 1.77 烟管荚蒾Viburnum utile Hemsl. 4 0.032 0.002 1.68 色木槭Acer pictum Thunb. 2 0.016 0.010 1.31 其他 10 0.079 0.016 4.73 总计 127 1 1 100
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