A review on the research progress of the Phytocyanin (PC) protein family
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摘要:
质体蓝素（Phytocyanin，PC）是植物特有的一类Ⅰ型小分子蓝铜蛋白，可在植物生长发育及应对逆境胁迫过程中发挥调控作用。但目前对PC蛋白的功能研究较为有限，其分子作用机制尚不清楚。本文综述了PC蛋白的结构特征、分类及其基因的表达模式，并对近年来PC蛋白调控植物生长发育、应对生物及非生物胁迫方面的研究进展进行了总结。此外，对未来研究方向及面临的挑战进行了讨论，旨在为进一步理解PC蛋白的分子作用机制及植物抗逆品种的选育提供参考。
Abstract:Phytocyanins (PCs) are a class of plant-specific typeⅠsmall-molecule blue-copper proteins involved in regulating plant growth, development, and stress responses. Despite their importance, functional analysis of PC proteins remains limited, and their molecular mechanisms are not fully understood. This review examines the structural features, classification, and expression patterns of PC proteins. In addition, it summarizes recent advancements in the study of PC proteins, focusing on their roles in plant growth, development, and responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. Unresolved issues and challenges in PC research are also discussed. This work aims to provide a theoretical reference for understanding the molecular mechanisms of PC proteins and for breeding stress-resistant crop cultivars.
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Keywords:
- Phytocyanin /
- Gene function /
- Molecular mechanism /
- Stress
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图 1 PC蛋白氨基酸残基和Cu构成的四配位平面正方形结构
Figure 1. Four coordinate planar square structure composed of four amino acid residues and Cu
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图 2 不同植物中PC蛋白的系统发育分析
不同颜色代表PC蛋白的不同分支。
Figure 2. Phylogenetic analysis of PC proteins from different plant species
Different color represents different branches of PC proteins.
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图 3 PC蛋白结构及其功能
① ：PC蛋白合成、修饰及释放的过程；② ：PC蛋白利用其SP结构域被运输至细胞外；③ ：PC蛋白利用ALR结构域被组装到细胞壁中；④ ：PC蛋白利用PLCD结构域与BCP互作并组成复合体；⑤ ：PC蛋白利用GPI结构域将自己锚定在细胞膜上。
Figure 3. Structures and functions of PC proteins
①: Process of PC protein synthesis, modification, and release; ②: PC protein is transported to the extracellular space using the SP domain; ③: PC protein is assembled into the cell wall using the ALR domain; ④: PC protein utilizes PLCD domain to interact with BCP and form a complex; ⑤: PC protein utilizes the GPI domain to anchor itself on the cell membrane.
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图 4 基于结构域组成的PC蛋白分类（改自孙亚丽[36]）
SP：信号肽；PLCD：质体蓝素样结构域/铜结合结构域；ALR：类似阿拉伯半乳糖蛋白区域；GAS：糖基磷脂酰肌醇锚定信号。
Figure 4. Classification of PC proteins based on domain composition (modified from Sun[36])
SP: Signal peptide; PLCD: Plastocyanin like domain/Copper binding domain; ALR: Arabinogalactan protein (AGP)-like region similar to arabinogalactan protein region; GAS: Glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchor signal.
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