Distribution patterns and priority conservation of vascular plants in Wudi, Shandong
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摘要:
为了解山东无棣县维管植物的多样性及其分布特征，本研究对该地区进行了野外调查。结果显示：（1）无棣县共有维管植物72科235属346种，其中，蕨类植物1科1属1种，裸子植物3科7属11种，被子植物68科227属334种。植物多样性较高，但草本植物占比较高，木本植物相对较少，群落组成较简单。（2）空间分布上，物种丰富度自北向南明显增加，热点分布相对集中，但各热点之间较为孤立。（3）植物区系成分中外来植物占比较高，且外来入侵植物较多。总体而言，无棣县的维管植物群落结构相对简单，外来入侵植物问题突出。建议加强本土植物资源的引种培育和利用，提升对外来入侵物种的管控能力，增强物种多样性。
Abstract:This study investigated the diversity and spatial distribution of vascular plants in Wudi County through a comprehensive field survey. Results indicated that: (1) Wudi County harbored 346 vascular plant species distributed across 72 families and 235 genera, comprising one family, one genus, and one species of ferns; three families, seven genera, and 11 species of gymnosperms; and 68 families, 227 genera, and 334 species of angiosperms. While the region exhibited high plant diversity, herbaceous plants accounted for a large proportion, with relatively few woody plants, resulting in a structurally simple plant community. (2) Species richness increased significantly from north to south, with biodiversity hotspots occurring in distinct clusters, although these clusters remained spatially isolated. (3) The flora was characterized by a high proportion of alien species, with several invasive taxa posing significant ecological threats. Overall, the vascular plant community in Wudi County is relatively simple, and the invasive species present a pressing challenge. To enhance biodiversity conservation, efforts should focus on promoting the introduction and cultivation of native plant species while strengthening the management of invasive alien taxa.
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图 2 无棣县维管植物物种丰富度的空间分布（A为网格号， B为物种丰富度）
Figure 2. Spatial distribution of vascular plant species richness in Wudi County (A: No. of grid; B: species richness)
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图 3 无棣县本土物种（A）和本土野生物种（B）丰富度的空间分布
Figure 3. Spatial distribution of native species (A) and wild native species (B) richness in Wudi County
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图 4 外来入侵植物与本地植物物种丰富度全局空间自相关指数Moran's I
Figure 4. Global spatial autocorrelation index Moran’s I of alien invasive plants and native plant species richness
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图 5 外来入侵植物与本地植物物种丰富度的双变量LISA 聚集图
Figure 5. Bivariate LISA aggregation diagram of species richness of exotic invasive plants and native plants
表 1 无棣县维管植物科、属和种组成
Table 1 Composition of vascular plant families, genera, and species in Wudi County
分类群
Group type科Family 属Genus 种Species 数量 Number 占比 Proportion / % 数量 Number 占比 Proportion / % 数量 Number 占比 Proportion / % 蕨类植物 1 1.4 1 0.4 1 0.3 裸子植物 3 4.1 7 3.0 11 3.2 被子植物 68 94.5 227 96.6 334 96.5 合计 72 100 235 100 346 100 
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表 2 无棣县维管植物科的分布区类型
Table 2 Distribution types of vascular plant families in Wudi County
分布类型
Distribution type科数
Family number占比
Proportion / %1．世界分布 28 59.57 2．泛热带分布 10 21.27 2-2. 热带亚洲-热带非洲-热带美洲 1 2.13 3．东亚（热带、亚热带）及热带南美间断分布 1 2.13 8．北温带分布 4 8.51 8-4. 北温带和南温带间断分布 2 4.26 10．旧世界温带分布 1 2.13 合计 47 100
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表 3 无棣县维管植物属的分布区类型
Table 3 Distribution types of vascular plant genera in Wudi County
分布类型
Distribution type属数
Genus number占比
Proportion / %1．世界分布 30 23.26 2．泛热带分布 19 14.73 2-1. 热带亚洲-大洋洲和热带美洲（南美洲或墨西哥）分布 1 0.78 4．旧世界热带分布 4 3.10 5．热带亚洲至热带大洋洲分布 2 1.55 6．热带亚洲至热带非洲分布 4 3.10 7．热带亚洲（印度-马来西亚）分布 5 3.88 8．北温带分布 21 16.28 8-4．北温带和南温带间断分布 7 5.43 8-5．欧亚和南美洲温带间断分布 1 0.78 9．东亚及北美间断分布 7 5.43 10．旧世界温带分布 10 7.75 10-3．欧亚和南非洲（有时也在大洋洲）间断分布 3 2.33 11．温带亚洲分布 3 2.33 12．地中海区、西亚至中亚分布 4 3.10 14．东亚（东喜马拉雅-日本）分布 5 3.88 14-2．中国-日本（SJ）分布 2 1.55 15．中国特有 1 0.78 合计 129 100
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