Impacts of environmental filtering and dispersal limitation on rare and endangered plant communities of the eastern margin of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, China
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摘要:
环境过滤和扩散限制是植物群落构建中β多样性形成的重要驱动机制。本研究以我国青藏高原东缘分布的珙桐（Davidia involucrata Baill.）和领春木（Euptelea pleiosperma Hook. f. & Thomson）群落为研究对象，通过分析群落β多样性与地理因素和环境因素的关系，探讨环境过滤和扩散限制在我国青藏高原东缘珍稀濒危植物群落物种周转中的相对作用。结果显示，青藏高原东缘26个珍稀植物群落样方共记录到21种珍稀濒危植物。纬度、海拔、土壤pH值、土壤铵态氮均与群落β多样性呈显著正相关。青藏高原东缘山地珍稀濒危植物群落β多样性与地理距离和环境距离呈显著正相关。基于距离矩阵多元回归（Multiple regressions on distance matrices，MRM）的方差分解结果显示，环境距离和地理距离共同对研究区域珍稀濒危植物群落β多样性做出了19.1%的解释率。基于邻体矩阵主坐标分析（Principal coordinates of neighbor matrices，PCNM）的方差分解结果表明，环境变量和空间距离联合起来对研究区域内珍稀濒危植物群落β多样性提供了24.5%的解释率。总之，环境筛选和扩散限制在塑造青藏高原东缘山地珍稀濒危植物群落方面具有协同作用，其中环境筛选的影响力更为显著。
Abstract:Environmental filtering and dispersal limitation are important drivers of beta-diversity in plant communities. This study investigated the relationships between beta-diversity, geographic distance, and environmental distance in rare and endangered plant communities associated with Davidia involucrata and Euptelea pleiosperma along the eastern margin of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, China. The aim was to assess the relative contributions of environmental filtering and dispersal limitation on community assembly in these threatened plant assemblages. A total of 21 rare and endangered plant species were recorded across 26 plant communities. Beta-diversity exhibited significant positive correlations with latitude, elevation, soil pH, and soil NH4 concentration. Furthermore, beta-diversity was significantly positively correlated with both geographic and environmental distances. Multiple regression analysis of distance matrices (MRM) indicated that geographic and environmental distances collectively explained 19.1% of the variation in species composition, while principal coordinates of neighbor matrices (PCNM) analysis indicated that these factors explained 24.5% of the variation. Overall, these results suggest that beta-diversity in rare and endangered plant communities along the eastern margin of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is shaped by both environmental filtering and dispersal limitation, with environmental filtering playing a more dominant role in structuring species composition.
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图 2 青藏高原东缘珍稀濒危植物群落β多样性与地理距离（A）和环境距离（B）的相关性
Figure 2. Relationships between β-diversity of rare and endangered plant communities and geographical distance (A) and environmental distance (B) along the eastern margin of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau
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图 3 基于MRM的地理距离和环境距离对青藏高原东缘珍稀濒危植物群落β多样性影响的相对贡献率
Figure 3. Relative contributions of geographical and environmental distances based on MRM to β-diversity of rare and endangered plant communities along the eastern margin of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau
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图 4 基于PCNM的环境变量和空间分布对青藏高原东缘珍稀濒危植物群落β多样性影响的相对贡献率
Figure 4. Relative contributions of environmental variables and geographic distribution based on PCNM to β-diversity of rare and endangered plant communities along the eastern margin of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau
表 1 青藏高原东缘领春木和珙桐群落中的珍稀濒危植物名录
Table 1 Rare and endangered species in the plant community associated with Euptelea pleiosperma and Davidia involucrata along the east edge of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau
中文名
Species拉丁名
Latin name科名
FamilyIUCN 红色名录
Red list红皮书
Red data book国家保护植物
National protected大叶柯 Lithocarpus megalophyllus Rehder & E. H. Wilson 壳斗科 近危 是 - - 珙桐 Davidia involucrata Baill. 蓝果树科 - - 是 Ⅰ级 红豆杉 Taxus wallichiana var. chinensis (Pilg.) Florin 红豆杉科 易危 是 - Ⅰ级 胡桃楸 Juglans mandshurica Maxim. 胡桃科 - - 是 - 华榛 Corylus chinensis Franch. 桦木科 - - 是 - 黄杉 Pseudotsuga sinensis Dode 松科 易危 - 是 Ⅱ级 黄檀 Dalbergia hupeana Hance 豆科 近危 是 - - 金钱松 Pseudolarix amabilis (J. Nelson) Rehder 松科 易危 是 是 Ⅱ级 金沙槭 Acer paxii Franch. 无患子科 近危 是 - - 阔叶槭 Acer amplum Rehder 无患子科 近危 是 - - 连香树 Cercidiphyllum japonicum Siebold & Zucc. 连香树科 - - 是 Ⅱ级 领春木 Euptelea pleiosperma Hook. f. & Thomson 领春木科 - - 是 - 楠木 Phoebe zhennan S. K. Lee & F. N. Wei 樟科 易危 是 是 Ⅱ级 润楠 Machilus nanmu (Oliv.) Hemsl. 樟科 濒危 是 - Ⅱ级 山核桃 Carya cathayensis Sarg. 胡桃科 易危 是 - - 山柳 Salix pseudotangii C. Wang & C. Y. Yu 杨柳科 易危 是 - - 山茱萸 Cornus officinalis Siebold & Zucc. 山茱萸科 近危 是 - - 水青树 Tetracentron sinense Oliv. 昆栏树科 - - 是 Ⅱ级 云南旌节花 Stachyurus yunnanensis Franch. 旌节花科 易危 是 - - 长伞梗荚蒾 Viburnum longiradiatum P. S. Hsu & S. W. Fan 五福花科 近危 是 - - 紫果冷杉 Abies recurvata Mast. 松科 易危 是 - - 注：IUCN，世界自然保护联盟（International Union for Conservation of Nature）受威胁物种红色名录（https://www.iucnredlist.org/）；红色名录，《中国生物多样性红色名录-高等植物卷》；红皮书，《中国植物红皮书》；国家保护，2021版《国家重点保护野生植物名录》。 Notes: IUCN, Red List of Threatened Species Released by International Union for Conservation of Nature (https://www.iucnredlist.org/); Red list, China’s Red List of Biodiversity-Higher Plants; Red data book, China Red Data Book of Plants; National protected, List of National Key Protected Wild Plants (2021 version). 
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表 2 环境因子与青藏高原东缘珍稀濒危植物群落β多样性的相关性及其对群落构建的贡献率
Table 2 Correlations between environmental factors and β-diversity index and their contribution rate to rare and endangered plant community assembly along the eastern margin of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau
环境因子
Environmental factors相关性
Correlation贡献率
Contribution rater P R2 P 经度 −0.0007 0.9557 0.0144 0.0960 纬度 0.0223 0.0056 0.0471 0.0016 海拔 0.0332 0.0088 0.0274 0.0207 年均温 −0.0079 0.7660 0.0207 0.0541 最冷季均温 −0.0068 0.7766 0.0185 0.0676 最暖季降水 −0.0144 0.1018 0.0077 0.1935 最冷季降水 0.0223 0.0853 0.0345 0.0077 土壤有机质 −0.0036 0.7073 0.0004 0.7866 土壤 0.0230 0.0173 0.0944 0.0001 土壤硝态氮 0.0088 0.3784 0.0609 0.0009 土壤铵态氮 0.0181 0.0086 0.0725 0.0003 土壤有效磷 −0.0029 0.7538 0.0048 0.3326
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