Construction and evaluation of Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua intercropping based on the growth and physiological adaptability
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摘要:
多花黄精（Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua）多采用林下仿野生种植，猕猴桃（Actinidia chinensis Planch.）果园林下环境与森林接近，具备复合种植的潜在可行性。本研究通过设置不同猕猴桃品种（‘红阳’、‘金艳’）、郁闭度（60%、30%、全光照）和种植密度（株行距25 cm×25 cm、25 cm×40 cm、35 cm×40 cm），分析对多花黄精生长的影响，以筛选适宜的种植模式。结果显示：‘金艳’果园中，多花黄精植株高度较高，基径较粗；60%郁闭度果园中，多花黄精叶片叶绿素含量较高，丙二醛（MDA）含量和抗坏血酸过氧化物酶（APX）活性较低；30%郁闭度果园中，植株高度较高；而全光照条件下，叶片相对含水量较低，可溶性蛋白、脯氨酸、MDA、总酚、类黄酮含量较高，过氧化氢酶（CAT）和APX活性较高；低等密度模式中叶片MDA和总酚含量较低，而高等密度中叶片MDA含量较高。综合而言，猕猴桃果园复合种植多花黄精是可行的，且适宜的种植模式为郁闭度30%~60%、种植株行距（25~35） cm×40 cm。
Abstract:Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua is typically cultivated under forest conditions that mimic its natural habitat. The understory environment of Actinidia chinensis Planch. orchards shares similar ecological characteristics with forests, suggesting the potential feasibility of intercropping P. cyrtonema within A. chinensis orchards. However, optimizing an appropriate planting model and creating a suitable growth environment for P. cyrtonema requires experimental validation. This study assessed the growth and physiological adaptability of P. cyrtonema under different intercropping conditions by varying A. chinensis cultivars (‘Hongyang’ and ‘Jinyan’), canopy densities (60%, 30%, and full sunlight), and planting densities (row spacing of 25 cm×25 cm, 25 cm×40 cm, and 35 cm×40 cm). Results demonstrated that P. cyrtonema exhibited greater plant height and basal diameter in orchards planted with A. chinensis cv. Jinyan. Under 60% canopy density, chlorophyll content was elevated, while malondialdehyde (MDA) content and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activity were lower. A 30% canopy density promoted greater plant height. In full sunlight, leaves had reduced relative water content but exhibited increased soluble protein, proline, MDA, total phenol, and flavonoid concentrations, along with higher catalase (CAT) and APX activity. Lower planting densities resulted in reduced MDA and total phenol concentrations in leaves, whereas higher planting densities were associated with increased MDA content. These findings indicate that intercropping P. cyrtonema within A. chinensis orchards is feasible. Optimal planting conditions were a canopy density of 30%–60% and a row spacing of (25–35) cm×40 cm.
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图 1 猕猴桃果园复合种植多花黄精
Figure 1. Polygonatum cyrtonema intercropping in an Actinidia chinensis orchard
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图 2 不同模式中多花黄精植株高度和基径生长变化
A：多花黄精生长期高度；B：生长期基径；C：6月上旬高度；D：6月上旬基径。不同小写字母表示差异显著（P<0.05），下同。
Figure 2. Changes in height and basal diameter of Polygonatum cyrtonema under different modes
A: Plant height during P. cyrtonema growth period; B: Basal diameter during growth period; C: Height in early June; D: Basal diameter in early June. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences (P<0.05). Same below.
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图 3 不同模式中多花黄精叶片丙二醛、过氧化氢及次生代谢物含量
Figure 3. Malondialdehyde, hydrogen peroxide, and secondary metabolite content in Polygonatum cyrtonema leaves in different modes
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图 4 不同模式中多花黄精叶片抗氧化酶活性
Figure 4. Antioxidant enzyme activity in Polygonatum cyrtonema leaves in different modes
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图 5 多花黄精生长生理指标相关性热图
SU：可溶性糖；MDA：丙二醛；HE：植株高度；DI：植株基径；PO：总酚；FL：类黄酮；WA：相对含水量；Chla：叶绿素a；Chlb：叶绿素b；APX：抗坏血酸过氧化物酶；SOD：超氧化物歧化酶；HO：过氧化氢；POD：过氧化物酶；PR：脯氨酸；CAT：过氧化氢酶。*：P<0.05；**：P<0.01。
Figure 5. Correlation heatmap of Polygonatum cyrtonema growth and physiological indices
SU: Soluble sugar; MDA: Malondialdehyde; HE: Height; DI: Basal diameter; PO: Total phenols; FL: Flavonoid; WA: Relative water content; Chla: Chlorophyll a; Chlb: Chlorophyll b; APX: Ascorbate peroxidase; SOD: Superoxide dismutase; HO: H2O2; POD: Peroxidase; PR: Proline; CAT: Catalase.
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图 6 猕猴桃品种、郁闭度及种植密度对多花黄精生长生理适应性的影响
Figure 6. Effects of fruit variety, canopy density, and planting density on Polygonatum cyrtonema growth and physiological adaptability
表 1 猕猴桃-多花黄精复合种植模式设置
Table 1 Setup of Actinidia chinensis and Polygonatum cyrtonema intercropping system
编号
Number果树品种
Variety郁闭度
Canopy density / %光照强度
Light Intensity / lux光量子通量密度
Photon flux density / µmol·m2·s株行距
Row spacing / cmH1 ‘红阳’ 60 30 875±3 450 702±307 25×40（中密度） H2 ‘红阳’ 30 60 788±3 319 1 133±305 25×40（中密度） H3 ‘红阳’ 30 35×40（低密度） H4 ‘红阳’ 30 25×25（高密度） J1 ‘金艳’ 30 59 246±2 136 1 111±288 25×25（高密度） J2 ‘金艳’ 30 25×40（中密度） J3 ‘金艳’ 30 35×40（低密度） CK − 0 84 206±5 032 1 470±330 25×40（中密度） 注：‘金艳’盛果期果园树势较强，郁闭度一般在70%以上，林下光照条件不适宜多花黄精生长，因而只选择了幼龄果园作为研究对象。 Notes: During the peak fruit-bearing period, trees in the ‘Jinyan’ orchard exhibited strong growth, with a canopy density generally exceeding 70%. Understory light conditions were unsuitable for P. cyrtonema growth; therefore, only young orchards were selected for this study. 
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表 2 不同模式中多花黄精叶片含水率、叶绿素及渗透调剂物质含量
Table 2 Water, chlorophyll, and osmotic compound content in Polygonatum cyrtonema leaves in different modes
模式
Mode相对含水量
Relative water content / %叶绿素a
Chlorophyll a / mg/g叶绿素b
Chlorophyll b / mg/g可溶性糖
Soluble sugar / mg/g可溶性蛋白
Soluble protein / mg/g脯氨酸
Proline / μg/gH1 85.27±1.78b 1.09±0.07a 0.54±0.04a 26.02±6.52c 96.55±9.69a 267.00±69.80b H2 91.30±2.30a 0.79±0.03ab 0.38±0.02b 41.15±7.80b 80.75±23.01b 345.50±19.78a H3 90.54±5.69a 1.06±0.29a 0.53±0.20a 23.15±5.36c 75.05±4.48b 279.61±41.34b H4 87.01±4.74ab 1.08±0.25a 0.52±0.14a 38.16±3.28b 82.74±9.36b 284.05±20.30b J1 88.64±5.70ab 0.96±0.02a 0.46±0.02a 48.80±9.32b 73.38±15.94b 276.70±49.31b J2 82.99±6.92b 0.52±0.05b 0.26±0.02c 61.91±14.11a 67.53±24.85b 231.40±21.63c J3 89.87±3.48a 0.97±0.07a 0.46±0.06a 22.99±6.23c 90.36±14.72ab 246.62±25.63c CK 84.36±5.06b 0.46±0.07b 0.23±0.03c 12.07±3.32d 96.63±10.74a 315.93±42.11a 注：同列不同小写字母表示差异显著，P<0.05。 Note: Different lowercase letters in the same column indicate significant differences, P<0.05.
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表 3 多花黄精生长生理指标主成分分析
Table 3 Principal component analysis of Polygonatum cyrtonema growth and physiological indices
指标 Index PC1 PC2 PC3 方差百分比 / % 33.256 24.301 17.026 高度 0.559 0.502 0.548 基径 0.580 0.343 0.337 相对含水量 −0.459 0.023 0.227 叶绿素a −0.934 −0.008 0.328 叶绿素b −0.952 −0.063 0.283 可溶性糖 0.398 −0.464 0.761 可溶性蛋白 −0.252 0.766 −0.510 H2O2 −0.010 0.771 0.147 MDA 0.603 −0.613 −0.003 总酚 0.923 0.064 −0.041 类黄酮 0.901 0.249 −0.294 SOD 0.035 0.229 0.620 APX −0.108 −0.191 −0.735 POD −0.251 0.850 0.139 CAT 0.151 0.789 −0.089
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表 4 不同模式对多花黄精生长生理适应性影响的多因素方差分析
Table 4 Multivariate analysis of variance on effects of different modes on Polygonatum cyrtonema growth and physiological adaptability
组合因子
Factors高度
Height叶绿素a
Chlorophyll a可溶性蛋白
Soluble protein丙二醛
MDA总酚
Total phenols过氧化物酶
POD果树品种 0.003** 0.030* 0.010* 0.303 0.010* 0.499 果园郁闭度 0.041* 0.022* 0.745 0.178 0.008** 0.707 多花黄精种植密度 0.132 0.005** 0.231 0.026* 0.005** 0.115 品种×郁闭度 − − 0.642 − − − 品种×密度 0.054 0.491 − 0.055 0.087 0.426 郁闭度×密度 − − 0.256 − − − 品种×郁闭度×密度 − − − − − − Notes: *, P<0.05; **, P<0.01.
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