Community Composition and Structure of Badagongshan (BDGS) Forest Dynamic Plot in a Mid-subtropical Mountain Evergreen and Deciduous Broad-leaved Mixed Forest, Central China
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摘要: 山地常绿落叶阔叶混交林在我国主要分布在中亚热带1000~2000 m中山地带。八大公山位于武陵山系北端,中亚热带北缘,具有保护较好的典型山地常绿落叶阔叶混交林。为了研究常绿落叶阔叶混交林动态和川东-鄂西植物多样性形成及维持机制,按照CTFS(Center for Tropical Forest Science)样地建设标准,中国科学院武汉植物园于2010-2011年在湖南八大公山(Badagongshan,BDGS)国家级自然保护区建立了一个25 hm2(500 m×500 m)中亚热带山地常绿落叶阔叶混交林动态监测样地(Forest Dynamic Plot)。本研究以样地内所有胸径(DBH)≥1 cm 的木本植物(不含竹藤)为研究对象,分析该样地区系成分、群落组成、 垂直结构、径级结构和空间分布。结果表明:八大公山样地属于典型的山地常绿落叶阔叶混交林,植物以泛热带分布科(24.50%)和北温带分布属(24.56%)占优势,包括9种珍稀濒危植物。样地内木本植物合计53科、114属、238种(含种下分类单位),186556株存活个体。落叶树144种,常绿树94种。壳斗科(Fagaceae)、杜鹃花科(Ericaceae)、樟科(Lauraceae)和山茶科(Theaceae)占据优势;个体数超过1000的有38个物种,以常绿树种(63.16%)为主;稀有种(< 25株)103个(占样地物种总数43.28%)。群落垂直结构可分为乔木层(优势树种多脉青冈Cyclobalanopsis multinervis和亮叶水青冈Fagus lucida)、亚乔木层(优势种长蕊杜鹃Rhododendron stamineum和黄丹木姜子Litsea elongata)和灌木层(优势种短柱柃Eurya brevistyla和薄叶山矾Symplocos anomala)。个体数超过1000的树种和稀有种主要来自灌木层。由于生长型限制,样地内树种平均胸径较小(5.41 cm),DBH< 5 cm的个体占优势(68.40%)。主要优势树种的径级结构呈现倒J型。Abstract: Mountain evergreen and deciduous broadleaved mixed forests in China are mainly distributed in the mid-subtropical mid-mountain zones. Mount Badagongshan (BDGS) is located on the northern end of the Wuling Mountains at the north rim of the mid-subtropical zone, and has a typical mountain evergreen and deciduous broadleaved mixed forest. To investigate dynamics of this forest,biodiversity origin and maintenance mechanisms in East Sichuan and West Hubei in 2010-2011,the Wuhan Botanical Garden,Chinese Academy of Sciences established one 25 hm2 (500 m×500 m) forest dynamic plot of subtropical mountain evergreen and deciduous broadleaved mixed forest in the Badagongshan (BDGS) National Nature Reserve according to the standards of the Center for Tropical Forest Science (CTFS). Here,we present the flora,community composition,structure,size class and spatial distribution based data collected from all woody (bamboo and liana not included) plants with DBH≥1 cm. Our results demonstrated that BDGS was a typical mountain evergreen and deciduous broadleaved mixed forest,dominated by pantropic distribution families (24.50%) and northern temperate distribution genera (24.56%). There were nine rare and endangered wood plants. We classified 186556 individuals into 53 families,114 genera and 238 species (94 evergreen and 144 deciduous). Dominant species were from the families of Fagaceae,Ericaceae,Lauraceae and Theaceae. There were 38 species with >1000 individuals (63.16% evergreen). In total,103 rare species (< 25 individuals) accounted for 43.28% of all the woody plants. The forest strata was divided into a canopy layer dominated by Cyclobalanopsis multinervis and Fagus lucida,an understory layer dominated by Rhododendron stamineum and Litsea elongata,and a shrub layer dominated by Eurya brevistyla and Symplocos anomala. Abundant (>1000 individuals) and rare species were mainly from the shrub layer. Limited by growth form,the plot had a fairly small mean DBH (5.41 cm) and was dominated by small sized individuals (68.40%). The size class of five dominant trees was reverse J.
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