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马先蒿属一中国新记录种——陈塘马先蒿

陈灵灵, 杨家鑫, 江慧, 廖苗, 蔡秀珍, 胡光万

陈灵灵,杨家鑫,江慧,廖苗,蔡秀珍,胡光万. 马先蒿属一中国新记录种——陈塘马先蒿[J]. 植物科学学报,2024,42(2):135−139. DOI: 10.11913/PSJ.2095-0837.23120
引用本文: 陈灵灵,杨家鑫,江慧,廖苗,蔡秀珍,胡光万. 马先蒿属一中国新记录种——陈塘马先蒿[J]. 植物科学学报,2024,42(2):135−139. DOI: 10.11913/PSJ.2095-0837.23120
Chen LL,Yang JX,Jiang H,Liao M,Cai XZ,Hu GW. Pedicularis tamurensis T. Yamaz. (Orobanchaceae), a newly recorded species of Pedicularis from China[J]. Plant Science Journal,2024,42(2):135−139. DOI: 10.11913/PSJ.2095-0837.23120
Citation: Chen LL,Yang JX,Jiang H,Liao M,Cai XZ,Hu GW. Pedicularis tamurensis T. Yamaz. (Orobanchaceae), a newly recorded species of Pedicularis from China[J]. Plant Science Journal,2024,42(2):135−139. DOI: 10.11913/PSJ.2095-0837.23120

马先蒿属一中国新记录种——陈塘马先蒿

基金项目: 西藏重点区域野生动物资源调查项目(ZL202203601);国家自然科学基金项目(32270228);青藏高原第二次科学考察与研究(STEP)项目(2019QZKK0502);国家科技基础资源调查项目(2019FY101800)。
详细信息
    作者简介:

    陈灵灵(1999−),女,硕士研究生,研究方向为种子植物分类与植物多样性(E-mail: a17873676921@163.com

    通讯作者:

    蔡秀珍: E-mail: yumi812@aliyun.com

    胡光万: guangwanhu@wbgcas.cn

  • 中图分类号: Q949.778.3

Pedicularis tamurensis T. Yamaz. (Orobanchaceae), a newly recorded species of Pedicularis from China

  • 摘要:

    于西藏喜马拉雅南坡的陈塘沟开展植物多样性调查过程中,发现一种在《中国植物志》中未记录的马先蒿属(Pedicularis)植物。通过文献查阅和详细的形态学比较,确定其为中国新记录种Pedicularis tamurensis T. Yamaz.,为其新拟中文名称:陈塘马先蒿。该种以前仅发现于尼泊尔,现也发现于中国西藏自治区日喀则市定结县陈塘镇。此新记录种生长于海拔约2 900 m的冷杉(Abies fabri (Mast.) Craib)林下,与光唇马先蒿(Pedicularis fletcheri P. C. Tsoong)相似,主要识别特征为:叶对生,两面均密生短毛,羽状全裂至深裂;花序总状,花白色,盔瓣呈镰刀状弯弓,中间渐狭成喙,顶端2裂,下唇完全包围盔瓣。本文对陈塘马先蒿进行了详细的形态描述,介绍了其分布信息,并提供彩色图片便于鉴别。该新记录种的发现更新了国产马先蒿属植物的资料,丰富了中国植物多样性的内容。

    Abstract:

    During a plant diversity survey in Chentang valley located on the southern slopes of the Himalayan range, an unrecorded specimen from the genus Pedicularis, not documented in the Flora of China, was discovered. Based on a comprehensive literature review and detailed morphological comparison, the plant was identified as a new record of Pedicularis tamurensis T. Yamaz in China, with a new Chinese name, Chen Tang Ma Xian Hao, accordingly proposed. Prior to this finding, the species was only known to exist in Nepal, but has now been identified in Chentang Town, Dingjie County, Shigatse Prefecture, Tibet Autonomous Region of China. This newly documented species grows under (Abies fabri (Mast.) Craib) forests at altitudes of approximately 2 900 m. While similar to Pedicularis fletcheri P. C. Tsoong, the species can be distinguished based on the following characteristics: leaves opposite, lamina pinnatisect, densely hairy on both surfaces; inflorescence racemose; flowers white, galea sickle-shaped and curved, tapering to beak in middle, apex 2-lobed, and labium inferius completely enveloping galea. This paper describes the morphological traits and distribution of P. tamurensis in detail, with color images provided for easy identification. This new discovery advances our knowledge of domestic Pedicularis and plant diversity in China.

  • 马先蒿属(Pedicularis)最早由林奈于1753年创立,隶属于玄参科 [1, 2]。2001年,Olmstead等[3]基于分子系统学证据,将其归入列当科中,并被APG(Angiosperm Phylogeny Group)系统接受。本属植物种类繁多,是被子植物最大的属之一,目前全球已知600多种,主要分布于赤道以北,多生于寒带及高山严寒之地,极少数跨越赤道[1]。马先蒿属植物通常为一年生或多年生草本,其花冠的演化复杂多样,花多而艳丽,外形千姿百态,为著名的高山花卉[4]。同时,该属植物的药用品种繁多,不少种类为藏药的组成成分,在我国民间拥有悠久的应用历史[5-7]。化学分析结果和药理作用研究证实,大多数马先蒿植物中含有酚类、类黄酮等生物活性化合物[8],因此,马先蒿属植物被认为极具开发应用潜力,为诸多学者所关注[9, 10]

    我国是世界马先蒿属物种主要的分布中心之一,占有全世界一半以上的种类,且特有种占相当大的比例。同时,喜马拉雅-横断山地区是马先蒿属植物的起源和演化中心,拥有该属植物所有花部特征的代表类群[11]。随着科学考察工作的深入开展,近年亦有不少新种被接连发现[12-15],也有分布新记录被相继报道[16]

    2022年,本课题组在西藏自治区日喀则市定结县陈塘镇进行植物多样性考察时,在喜马拉雅南坡陈塘沟的冷杉(Abies fabri (Mast.) Craib)林下,采集到一种叶对生,总状花序,花白色,与光唇马先蒿(Pedicularis fletcheri P. C. Tsoong)[17]相似的马先蒿属植物。经查阅文献和标本对比研究,确定该种与日本学者山崎敬于1970年发表的在尼泊尔采集的新种P. tamurensis T. Yamaz.为同一植物[18, 19]。该种模式标本于1956年采集于尼泊尔东部塔穆尔山谷中,本次在陈塘镇的采集为该植物在中国的首次发现。现根据采集的标本并结合已有文献对其进行详细的形态描述,并予以报道。

    陈塘马先蒿(新拟,图版Ⅰ:A~E)

      图版Ⅰ  陈塘马先蒿。
    A:植株和花序;B:根;C:叶;D:苞片;E:花部解剖;E1:花冠;E2:花萼;E3:苞片;E4:花萼内侧和外侧;E5:下唇的3枚裂片;E6:盔;E7:雄蕊和雌蕊。
      图版Ⅰ.  Pedicularis tamurensis.
    A: Plant and inflorescence; B: Roots; C: Leaves; D: Bracts; E: Anatomic flower; E1: Corolla; E2: Calyx; E3: Bract; E4: Inside and outside of calyx; E5: Three lobes of labium inferius; E6: Galea; E7: Stamen and gynoecium.

    Pedicularis tamurensis T. Yamaz. J. JPn. Bot., 1970, 45(6): 174. Fig. 16, Fig. 20.

    Type: Nepal, Tamur Valley, Mewa Khola, alt. 3 352 m, in forest, Aug. 9, 1956, J. D. A. Stainton, No. 1313 (Holotype, BM 000521620, digital image!).

    多年生草本,主根粗壮,径可达1~2 cm,多少木质化,生有成丛须状根。茎圆柱形,中空,基部有棱,常木质化,直立且不分枝,高达80 cm,疏生长毛。叶对生,柄长3~7 cm,缘有长腺毛;叶片两面均密生短毛,羽状全裂至深裂,中脉有狭齿及翅,大者长20~23 cm,宽15~18 cm,基部1~3对裂片对生或近对生,中部裂片最长,先端裂片渐短且对生,裂片共15~20对,长披针形或条形,自身也有尖锐而不整齐的锯齿。花序顶生或生于叶腋,总状花序,花期时长7~13 cm;花梗短,长3~5 mm,被短密毛;苞片基部外侧密生长毛,下部者长披针形,如叶羽状浅裂至深裂,长达3 cm,宽4 mm,3~4枚以上变小,长圆状卵形,长1 cm,宽5~8 mm,先端锐尖,具不规则粗锐锯齿;花萼钟形或圆筒形,长10~13 mm,直径约8 mm,外面有长毛,先端开裂至2/5,成5枚基部渐宽、上部叶状而有锐锯齿的萼齿,萼齿向外扩展反折,后方1枚显著较其余4枚小;花冠白色,冠筒与萼筒近等长,径2.5 mm;盔瓣呈镰刀状弓曲,包含雄蕊部分稍膨大,中间弯折渐狭成喙,顶端2裂,约1~1.5 cm;下唇宽过于长很多,长约16 mm,宽约30 mm,完全包围盔瓣,先端3浅裂,侧裂较大,中裂宽圆形,长约10 mm,宽约12 mm,两侧多少叠置于侧裂之上。雄蕊4枚,花丝两对皆疏生短柔毛。雌蕊1枚,子房顶部着生短绒毛,花柱细长,约3~4 cm,柱头头状。

    分布:中国西藏(定结)(新记录);尼泊尔。

    生境:高山林下,海拔 2 900~3 350 m,中国见于海拔约2 900 m的冷杉林中。

    凭证标本:中国西藏自治区日喀则市定结县陈塘镇雪雄玛村,冷杉林,海拔2 917 m,经纬度:27°52′3″N,87°25′19″E,2022年8月2日,胡光万、杨家鑫等,0237861023786202378630237864(HIB!)

    中文名选定:本种在国内首次于陈塘镇的陈塘沟被发现,故将其中文名拟为“陈塘马先蒿”。

    陈塘马先蒿在形态特征上与光唇马先蒿(P. fletcheri P. C. Tsoong)相似,但前者植株高可达80 cm,茎有毛,叶羽状深裂至全裂,大者长20~23 cm,宽15~18 cm,裂片15~20对,萼齿5枚,花冠白色,花丝两对皆疏生短柔毛。后者植株较矮小,高40 cm左右,茎无毛,叶片长约8 cm,宽2 cm,7~8对羽状全裂,萼齿常合生,2枚或4枚,花冠白色,下唇中央与盔紫红色,2枚花丝短柔毛,2枚无毛。

    生物多样性的空间分布在很大程度上由气候或地形相关属性驱动[20]。中国西南部的喜马拉雅-横断山地区拥有全球海拔最高的高寒生态系统,为全球生物多样性热点地区[21, 22]。陈塘镇地处喜马拉雅山脉中段南坡、珠穆朗玛峰东南侧原始森林地带,海拔2 000~5 500 m,属亚热带季风气候。镇内的陈塘沟是喜马拉雅山脉五大沟之一,位于珠峰自然国家保护区核心区。山峰到河谷的巨大海拔落差使得这里的植物群落极为多变,为西藏生物多样性最丰富的地区之一。陈塘马先蒿先前仅发现于尼泊尔,此次在我国西藏自治区内的首次发现,不仅补充了该种的分布资料,丰富了我国马先蒿属植物的物种多样性,且为开展该属生物地理关系研究提供了新资料,对于我国西南地区野生马先蒿植物资源保护具有重要意义。

    致谢:标本鉴定工作得到了中国科学院西双版纳热带植物园郁文彬研究员的帮助,特此感谢!

  • 图版Ⅰ   陈塘马先蒿。

    A:植株和花序;B:根;C:叶;D:苞片;E:花部解剖;E1:花冠;E2:花萼;E3:苞片;E4:花萼内侧和外侧;E5:下唇的3枚裂片;E6:盔;E7:雄蕊和雌蕊。

    图版Ⅰ.   Pedicularis tamurensis.

    A: Plant and inflorescence; B: Roots; C: Leaves; D: Bracts; E: Anatomic flower; E1: Corolla; E2: Calyx; E3: Bract; E4: Inside and outside of calyx; E5: Three lobes of labium inferius; E6: Galea; E7: Stamen and gynoecium.

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出版历程
  • 收稿日期:  2023-04-09
  • 录用日期:  2023-06-30
  • 刊出日期:  2024-04-29

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