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同质园栽培下的湖南鱼腥草居群叶表型性状多样性分析

Phenotypic diversity analysis of leaf traits in cultivated Houttuynia cordata Thunb. populations from Hunan Province

  • 摘要: 将采自湖南的20个鱼腥草(Houttuynia cordata Thunb.)居群栽培于同质园内,通过测定9个叶片表型性状和6个叶片相对性状,采用方差分析、变异系数、相关性分析、主成分分析以及聚类分析等方法,对鱼腥草居群叶片形态的变异特征进行研究。结果表明:(1)同质园栽培的20个鱼腥草居群叶片15个表型性状均存在显著差异,居群间差异大于居群内差异;(2)居群内叶性状的平均变异系数变化幅度为5.63%~9.08%,说明居群内多样性程度较低,其中株洲攸县居群(P16)变异系数最高(9.08%),怀化溆浦居群(P3)变异系数最小(5.63%);(3)15个叶性状的平均变异系数变化幅度为3.71%~10.28%,说明各性状的多样性程度也较低,其中叶面积变异系数最大(10.28%),叶宽与叶中部宽之比(W2/W4)的变异系数最小(3.71%);(4)相关性分析显示,叶面积与叶宽、叶中部宽、叶长、叶基至叶宽处的距离、叶柄长都呈现出显著正相关,与叶尖夹角呈显著负相关,而与叶基夹角关系不大;(5)叶片15个性状中前3个主成分的贡献率为83.66%,聚类分析可将20个居群划分为心形、小心形、狭心形和大心形4类,呈现出间断分布的地理格局;(6)同质园实验说明叶表型性状多样性主要是由遗传物质决定的,对其多样性分析能为优良种质资源的选育提供理论依据。

     

    Abstract: We studied the phenotypic diversity of leaf traits in cultivated Houttuynia cordata Thunb. populations from Hunan Province, China. Nine phenotypic traits and six relative traits of leaves were determined. Variance analysis, coefficient of variation, correlation analysis, principal component analysis (PCA), and cluster analysis were used to study the variation of leaf morphology. Results showed that:(1) There were significant differences in leaf phenotypic characters of the 20 H.cordata populations, and the differences among populations were greater than those within populations; (2) The average coefficients of variation for the 20 populations ranged from 5.63% to 9.08%, indicating low diversity among populations. The Youxian population (P16) had the highest coefficient of variation (9.08%), whereas the Xupu population (P3) had the lowest coefficient of variation (5.63%); (3) The average coefficients of variation for the 15 traits ranged from 3.71% to 10.28%, indicating that leaf trait diversity was low. The coefficient of variation for leaf area was the largest (10.28%) among the leaf characters, whereas the leaf width to leaf middle width ratio (W2/W4) was the smallest (3.71%); (4) Correlation analysis showed that leaf area had a significant positive correlation with leaf width, leaf middle width, leaf length, distance from leaf base to leaf width, and petiole length, a significant negative correlation with leaf tip angle, and no particular relationship with leaf base angle; (5) The cumulative contribution rate of the first three principal components for the 15 characters was 83.66%. By cluster analysis, the 20 populations could be clustered into four groups:heart-shaped, small heart-shaped, narrow heart-shaped, and large heart-shaped. These cluster results showed a discontinuous distribution pattern; (6) The common garden experiment showed that the diversity of leaf phenotypic traits was mainly determined by genetic material, and the diversity analyses could provide a theoretical basis for the breeding of excellent germplasm resources.

     

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