Abstract: Graphene oxide (GO), characterized by its unique sp²-sp³ hybrid structure, exhibits many excellent properties that have facilitated its widespread application across many fields, including nanoelectronics, biomedicine, and energy storage. GO has attracted considerable attention in recent years due to its capacity to enhance plant growth and development. This paper provides a systematic summary of the effects of GO on the growth and development of different plants, elucidates the mechanisms underlying these effects, and identifies potential limitations in its application. The insights presented here aim to serve as a reference for the application of GO in the agricultural and forestry fields, thereby broadening its comprehensive utilization and promoting the sustainable development of food production and environmental protection.