Responses of leaf and fine root functional traits to water-salt gradients in the Fuzhou section of the Minjiang River Basin
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摘要:
叶片和细根是植物获取资源最重要的器官，探究叶片、细根功能性状之间的相互关系及其对环境梯度变化的响应，有利于揭示植物对资源的利用情况以及对环境变化适应的生态策略。本文以湿地草本植物为研究对象，闽江流域福州段4个典型湿地为研究区域，设置了3条垂直于河道的调查样带，108个样方，选取7个叶功能性状以及5个细根功能性状指标，运用单因素方差分析、相关性分析、冗余分析等方法分析湿地草本植物叶片与细根功能性状对水盐梯度的响应。结果显示：（1）叶形指数和根组织密度变异系数最大；（2）叶厚、叶干物质含量、根体积、比根长随着水盐条件的增加而增加，比叶面积和根组织密度则随着水盐条件的增加而减小，冗余分析表明土壤含水量的影响更为关键；（3）比叶面积与叶面积、叶厚等呈极显著负相关；叶组织密度和叶干物质含量均与比根长、比根面积均呈极显著正相关；（4）地上和地下部分的功能性状在不同的水盐梯度下，一部分成对性状会呈现协同一致的趋势。研究结果说明，湿地草本植物对于水盐条件变化的适应能够通过叶、细根功能性状的相互调节而实现，具有较强的性状可塑性。
Abstract:Leaves and fine roots are the most important organs for plant resource acquisition. Exploring the relationship between their functional traits and responses to environmental gradients can reflect the adaptive strategies of plants to cope with environmental change. Here, we examined wetland herbage in the Fuzhou section of the Minjiang River Basin, establishing three belts and 108 quadrats across four typical wetlands, and selected seven leaf functional traits and five fine root functional traits to analyze their responses to water and salt gradients using single-factor analysis of variance, correlation analysis, and redundancy analysis. Results showed that the coefficients of variation for leaf index and root tissue density were notably high. Leaf thickness, leaf dry matter content, root volume, and specific root length increased with increasing water and salt content, while specific leaf area and root tissue density decreased. Redundancy analysis showed that soil water content was the most significant. Leaf area was negatively correlated with leaf thickness, leaf area. Leaf tissue density, and leaf dry matter content were positively correlated with specific root length and specific root area. Under different water and salt gradients, the functional traits of the above-ground and below-ground parts showed a synergistic trend. Overall, this study revealed the leaves and fine roots trait dynamics of wetland herbaceous plants under varying water-salt conditions, enhancing our understanding of their response mechanisms to water-salt gradients as well as wetland plant resource acquisition and adaptation strategies in southeast China.
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Keywords:
- Wetland plant /
- Leaves /
- Fine roots /
- Functional traits /
- Water-salt gradient
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图 2 不同水盐梯度下湿地草本植物叶功能性状的差异性
不同小写字母表示不同水盐条件间差异显著（P<0.05）。下同。
Figure 2. Differential leaf functional traits of wetland herbaceous plants under different water-salt gradients
Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences between different water-salt gradients at the 0.05 level (P<0.05). Same below.
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图 3 不同水盐梯度下湿地草本植物细根功能性状的差异性
Figure 3. Differential fine root functional traits of wetland herbaceous plants under different water-salt gradients
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图 4 叶片、细根功能性状与土壤水盐因子的 RDA 排序
LT：叶厚；LI：叶形指数；LP：叶周长；LA：叶面积；SLA：比叶面积；LDMC：叶干物质含量；LTD：叶组织密度；RAD：根平均直径；SRL：比根长；RV：根体积；SRA：比根面积；RTD：根组织密度；SSW：土壤含水量；SSC：土壤含盐量。
Figure 4. RDA between leaf and root functional traits and soil water-salt
LT: Leaf thickness; LI: Leaf index; LP: Leaf perimeter; LA: Leaf area; SLA: Specific leaf area; LDMC: Leaf dry matter content; LTD: Leaf tissue density; RAD: Root average diameter; SRL: Specific root length; RV: Root volume; SRA: Specific root area; RTD: Root tissue density; SSW: Soil water content; SSC: Soil salt content.
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图 5 根与叶成对性状随不同水盐梯度的变化
K：回归方程中的斜率。
Figure 5. Changes in fine root and leaf pairwise traits under different water salinity gradients
K: Slope in regression equation.
表 1 不同水盐梯度下土壤含水量和含盐量的特征及样地概况
Table 1 Values of water and salt content under different water-salt gradients
水盐梯度
Water and salt gradient样方数
Plot土壤含盐量
Soil salt
content / ‰土壤含水量
Soil water
content / %平均盖度
Average
coverage / %平均株高
Average
height / cm优势种
Dominant speciesS1 54 0.19±0.13 20.42±13.64 79 31 芦苇Phragmites australis Trin、
春蓼Persicaria maculosa Holub、
短叶茳芏Cyperus malaccensis Koyama、
扯根菜Penthorum chinense Pursh
水蓼Persicaria hydropiper SpachS2 27 0.72±0.30 79.18±7.69 85 90 芦苇、春蓼、短叶茳芏 S3 27 7.19±2.65 81.56±7.22 87 148.14 芦苇、短叶茳芏、 注：S1，极低盐低水；S2，低盐中水；S3，中盐高水。下同。 Notes: S1, extremely low salt and low water; S2, low salt and medium water; S3, medium salt and high water. Same below. 
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表 2 叶片、细根功能性状的特征
Table 2 Characteristics of functional traits of fine roots and leaves
植物功能性状
Functional traits of plants平均值
Mean标准偏差
Standard error最小值
Minimum最大值
Maximum变异系数
Coefficient of variation / %叶功功能性状 叶厚LT / mm 0.23 0.15 0.06 0.97 66.58 叶形指数LI 42.48 60.53 1.72 265.76 142.48 叶周长LP / cm 98.07 88.45 5.28 377.54 90.19 叶面积LA / cm2 53.33 48.19 1.37 222.54 90.37 比叶面积SLA / cm2/g 226.29 187.27 21.14 1 065.60 82.75 叶干物质含量LDMC / g/kg 267.33 98.31 40.94 582.49 36.78 叶组织密度LTD / g/cm3 0.35 0.43 0.01 3.05 124.79 根功能性状 根平均直径RAD / mm 1.02 0.44 0.39 1.94 43.17 比根长SRL / m/g 24.45 16.90 0.64 67.91 69.12 根体积RV / cm3 6.59 4.49 0.75 21.37 68.15 比根面积SRA / m2/g 0.04 0.02 0.01 0.09 59.50 根组织密度RTD / g/cm3 0.36 0.45 0.03 4.49 126.07 注：变异系数为标准差/平均值×100%。 Note: CV, Standard error/mean×100%.
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表 3 植物叶片、细根功能性状相关性分析
Table 3 Correlation analysis of functional traits of plant leaves and fine roots
植物功能性状指标
Functional traits
of plantsLT LI LP LA SLA LDMC LTD RAD RV SRL SRA LI 0.395** LP 0.290** 0.831** LA 0.073 0.199* 0.665** SLA −0.349** −0.498** −0.588** −0.420** LDMC 0.156 0.057 0.272** 0.355** −0.483** LTD −0.466** −0.141 0.128 0.297** −0.334** 0.393** RAD −0.047 0.101 0.351** 0.480** −0.297** 0.200* 0.434** RV 0.082 0.162 0.373** 0.554** −0.450** 0.358** 0.327** 0.727** SRL 0.236* −0.002 −0.086 −0.128 −0.079 0.323** −0.242* −0.191* −0.011 SRA 0.219* −0.010 −0.136 −0.126 −0.107 0.148 −0.319** −0.169 0.069 0.786** RTD −0.113 −0.040 0.132 0.231* 0.020 −0.058 0.196* −0.013 −0.140 −0.390** −0.508** 注：*，P<0.05，**，P<0.01。参数缩写同图4。 Note: Parameter abbreviations are as shown in Fig. 4.
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