Abstract: Nitrogen is a major component of living organisms and an essential nutrient for plant growth. To adapt to changes in nitrogen availability in the soil, plants employ complex signaling pathways to finely regulate root system architecture to optimize nitrogen uptake efficiency. This review focuses on the receptors involved in perceiving nitrogen signals in plant roots and the specific mechanisms governing root development. It also elaborates on the interplay between nitrogen signaling pathways, plant hormones, and other molecules that coordinately regulate root growth and development. This review aims to provide valuable insight into how plant roots perceive and respond to nitrogen signals.