Abstract: Heat stress represents a major abiotic constraint on global crop production, particularly under the intensifying effects of climate change. Salicylic acid (SA) and nitric oxide (NO), two key signaling molecules in plants, function as central mediators of thermotolerance by orchestrating a wide range of cellular defense mechanisms. Their roles in enhancing plant tolerance to heat stress have been extensively documented and increasingly exploited in experimental and applied studies. Moreover, synergistic interactions between SA and NO in signal transduction and stress-responsive defense pathways further enhance plant heat resistance. This review summarizes current understanding of SA- and NO-mediated regulation of plant responses to heat stress, with particular emphasis on mechanisms involving stabilization of the photosynthetic system, activation of antioxidant defense machinery, and maintenance of physiological and metabolic homeostasis. This review also explores the coordinated actions of SA and NO signaling and highlights future research prospects in the context of progressive global warming.