Abstract: Mt.Shenposhan in Shuining County is in southwest portion in Hunan,locate at N 26°29'52″～26°29'56″,E 110°07'30″～ 110°11'15″.Despite heavy depletion of forest resources,parts of its vegetation are well conserved.Because of its unique geographical position and topography,some rare and ancient species being in imminent danger are conserved,such as Amentotaxus argotaenia. This paper deals with the composition of flora,appearance,seasonal looks,population structure,the expression of predominant species,the developments of population of Amentotaxus argotaenia community relatively deeply and analyses the reasons of being in imminent danger,and puts forward the tactics of pretection.The mainpoints are briefly summarized as follows:(1) The floristic elements show more obvious transition from Tropic to Temperate.(2) The population structure of Amentotaxus argotaenia is being in stable state and Amentotaxus argotaenia is obviously predominant species.(3) On the basis of the analysis, we should try our best to pretect the rare and ancient community being in imminent danger,such as setting up the Nature Reserve effectively.