大麦×小麦杂种愈伤组织及再生植株的细胞学观察
CYTOLOGICAL OBSERVATION ON HYBRID-EMBRYO-DERIVED CALLI AND REGENERATED PLANTS OF HORDEUM VULGARE×TRITICUM AESTIVUM
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摘要: 本文研究了Ant-13大麦×中国春小麦未成熟胚诱导的愈伤组织细胞,再生植株体细胞和花粉母细胞染色体的变化情况。发现在这三个不同分化和发育阶段中都存在着混倍体现象。但随着分化和发育过程的进行,混倍体程度越来越小,正常双单倍体细胞的比例越来越大。从再生植株花粉母细胞减数分裂前的有丝分裂开始到整个减数分裂过程中都可以看到染色体行为的异常现象,从而形成败育花粉,造成杂种不孕。花粉败育发生在单核小孢子时期。Abstract: Cytological observation, was made to dectect chromosome aberrations in hybrid-embryo-derived calli as well as in somatic cells and PMC's of regenera ted plants of barley(2n = 14)cv. Ant-13 × common wheat(2n = 42)cv. Chinese Spring. The results reveal that mixoploidy exists throughout the whole process of the above-mentioned stages. However, as the differentiation and develop ment proceed, mixoploidy level become less and less, and the proportion of di haploid cells(2n = 28)become greater and greater. Abnormality of chromosome behavior occurs from premeiotic mitosis until various stages in meiosis, thus resulting in pollen abortion and self-sterility of the hybrid plants. Pollen abortion occurs at the uninuclear stage of PMC's.
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Keywords:
- Barley /
- Wheat /
- Kybrid /
- Callus /
- Chromosome number /
- Mixoploidy
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