Abstract: Comparative researches have been made on the phytocoenology characteristicsof the natural Castanopsis carlesii forest and the C. carlesii plantation planted for 17 years after the former being cut and burned. The results show that the percentage ofmeso-phanerophytes and micro-phanerophytes in the plantation is lower than that in thenatural forest,but the percentage of nano-phanerophytes in the plantation is higher. Thenatural forest has more complex structure and richer species(122 species),and the plantation has simpler structure and less species(66 species). The natural C. carlesii population are growing ones,and the plantation population are declining ones because of manmade disturbing. The index of diversity of species of Shannon-Wiener(ID)and the indexof eveness degree of Shannon(ED)of each layers of the natural forest are higher thanthat of the plantation,and the index of dominant degree of Simpson (DD) varies oppositely.