Composition of Seed Plant Species and Flora Features in Different Areas of the Kumtag Desert of China
-
摘要: 库姆塔格沙漠是我国西北荒漠地区较典型的沙漠之一,本文基于实地调查并结合遥感资料,对该地区植被的物种组成及种子植物区系特征进行了研究.结果表明:(1) 库姆塔格沙漠地区共有种子植物29科91属143种;该地区植物物种贫乏、生活型简单,主要以灌木、一年生及多年生草本植物为主.(2)库姆塔格沙漠地区的植物组成受水分、高温以及土壤盐分等因子影响,形成了3个主要的种子植物分布区(阿奇克谷地、阿尔金山山前洪积扇戈壁、西湖湿地),且各区的物种组成差异显著.(3)从3个主要植物分布区的物种组成与生活型组成来看,阿尔金山山前洪积扇戈壁区域植物生活型比阿奇克谷地和西湖湿地丰富;因阿尔金山山前洪积扇戈壁环境复杂,在3个区域中其物种相对丰富,科、属、种的种类较多;阿奇克谷地和西湖湿地植物的属、种相似度较高;3个区域的植物属、种总体上相似度较低.(4)库姆塔格沙漠地区种子植物区系表征科主要为藜科(Chenopodiaceae)、菊科(Compositae)、麻黄科(Ephedraceae)等;3个主要植物分布区科的分布型均以世界分布为主,属的分布型以北温带分布和地中海区、西亚至中亚分布为主,具体表现为:阿奇克谷地和西湖湿地植物属的分布型以地中海区、西亚至中亚分布为主,阿尔金山山前洪积扇戈壁植物属的分布型以北温带分布为主.(5)库姆塔格沙漠地区种子植物以旱生种所占比例较高,物种类型具有明显的残遗性;由于环境条件特殊,形成了库姆塔格沙漠地区特有的植物类群和区系特征.本研究结果为库姆塔格沙漠地区植物组成及区系研究提供了基础资料.Abstract: We studied the flora and composition of seed plant species in the Kumtag Desert, a typical region in northwest China, by field investigation and remote sensing. The results showed that: (1) There were 143 plant species belonging to 29 families and 91 genera. Among these species, annual and perennial plants were the main life forms. The species composition was deficient, and plant life-form was simple. (2) The Aqik Valley, piedmont alluvial-pluvial fan of the Arjin Mountain, and Xihu Wetland formed three distinct seed plant distribution areas in the Kumtag Desert, which were influenced by water, high temperature and soil salinity. The differences in species composition for the three regions were significant. (3) The life forms in the piedmont alluvial-pluvial fan of the Arjin Mountain were richer than those in the Aqik Valley or Xihu Wetland. Additionally, the piedmont alluvial-pluvial fan of the Arjin Mountain had the richest families, genera and species. Higher similarities in genus and species were observed between the Aqik Valley and Xihu Wetland. (4) Chenopodiaceae, Compositae and Ephedraceae were the dominant families in the Kumtag Desert. The main distribution pattern of the families in the three regions was Cosmopolitan. The main geographical elements of all genera in the Kumtag Desert were Mediterranea. W. Asia to C. Asia in the Aqik Valley and Xihu Wetland, and North Temperate in the piedmont alluvial-pluvial fan of the Arjin Mountain. (5) Compared with the near desert regions, the ratio of xerophytes was higher in the Kumtag Desert, and the relic nature was more obvious. Special seed plant taxa and flora features were formed because of the particular Kumtag Desert environment.
-
Keywords:
- Composition of plant species /
- Flora characteristic /
- Kumtag Desert
-
-
[1] 潘晓玲,党荣理,伍光和.西北干旱荒漠区植物区系地理与资源利用[M].北京: 科学出版社,2001. Pan XL, Dang RL, Wu GH. Flora Geography and Resource Utilization in Northwest of Arid Desert Region[M]. Beijing: Science Press, 2001. [2] 库姆塔格沙漠综合科学考察队著. 库姆塔格沙漠研究[M].北京: 科学出版社,2012. Team of Comprehensive Scientific Expedition of Kumtag Desert. A Study of Kumtag Desert[M]. Beijing: Science Press, 2012. [3] 卢琦,万志红.库姆塔格. 不再遥远[M].北京: 中国林业出版社,2011. Lu Q, Wan ZH. Kumtag, Not Far Away[M]. Beijing: China Forestry Publishing House, 2011. [4] 蔡运龙.自然资源学原理[M].北京: 科学出版社,2007. Cai YL. Principles of Natural Resources[M]. Beijing: Scie-nce Press, 2007. [5] 陈亚宁.干旱荒漠区生态系统与可持续管理[M].北京: 科学出版社,2009. Chen YN. Ecological System and Sustainable Management in Arid Desert Area[M]. Beijing: Science Press, 2009. [6] 汪久文.中国干旱区形成的古地理过程[J].干旱区资源与环境,1997,11(1): 1-8. Wang JW. Paleo geographical processes in the formation of China Arid Land[J]. Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment, 1997,11(1): 1-8.
[7] 申元村,王秀红,丛日春,卢琦.中国沙漠、戈壁生态地理区划研究[J].干旱区资源与环境,2013,27(1):1-13. Shen YC, Wang XH, Cong RC, Lu Q. Eco-geographical zoning of deserts and gobi in China[J]. Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment, 2013, 27(1):1-13.
[8] 刘媖心.中国沙漠植物志: 第1-3 卷[M].北京: 科学出版社,1985. Liu YX. Chinese Desert Flora: Vol. 1-3[M]. Beijing: Science Press, 1985. [9] 陈昌笃,张立运.中国的极旱荒漠[J].干旱区资源与环境,1987,1(3-4): 1-12. Chen CD, Zhang LY. Extremely arid deserts in China[J]. Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment, 1987,1(3-4): 1-12.
[10] 汪久文.当前我国干旱半干旱地区整治与开发中的几个问题[J].中国人口、资源与环境,1993,3(2): 33-37. Wang JW. Problems in the renovation and development of arid, semi-arid area in current China[J]. China Population, Resources and Environment, 1993, 3(2): 33-37.
[11] 张强,赵雪,赵哈林.中国沙区草地[M].北京: 气象出版社,1998. Zhang Q, Zhao X, Zhao HL. Grassland in Sandy Area of China[M]. Beijing: China Meteorological Press, 1998. [12] 赵松乔.近年中国干旱区研究的进展[J].地理科学,1990,10(3): 208-216. Zhao SQ. Progess in arid zones research in China in recent years[J]. Scientia Geographica Sinica, 1990,10(3): 208-216.
[13] 赵松乔,夏训诚,胡文康,沈玉凌.塔克拉玛干沙漠及其周缘地区的研究新进展[J].干旱区研究,1993,10(3): 1-9. Zhao SQ, Xia XC, Hu WK, Shen YL. The new research progress in the Taklimakan Desert and its surrounding areas[J]. Arid Zone Research, 1993,10(3): 1-9.
[14] 黄培佑.干旱生态学[M].乌鲁木齐: 新疆大学出版社,1993. Huang PY. Arid Ecology[M]. Urumqi: Xinjiang University Press, 1993. [15] 尹林克.中国温带荒漠区的植物多样性及其易地保护[J].生物多样性,1997,5(1): 40-48. Yin LK. Diversity and ex-situ conservation of plants in the desert region of temperate zone in China[J]. Chinese Biodiversity, 1997,5(1): 40-48.
[16] 陈亚宁,郝兴明,李卫红,陈亚鹏,叶朝霞,赵锐锋.干旱区内陆河流域的生态安全与生态需水量研究——兼谈塔里木河生态需水量问题[J]. 地球科学进展,2008,27(7): 732-738. Chen YN, Hao XM, Li WH, Chen YP, Ye ZX, Zhao RF. An analysis of the ecological security and ecological water requirements in the inland river of arid region[J]. Advances in Earth Science, 2008, 27(7): 732-738.
[17] 屈建军,郑本兴,俞祁浩,赵爱国. 罗布泊东阿奇克谷地雅丹地貌与库姆塔格沙漠形成的关系[J].中国沙漠,2004,24(3): 294-300. Qu JJ, Zhen BX, Yu QH, Zhao AG. The yardang landform of Aqik valley in the east of Lop-Nor and its relationship with the evolution of the Kumtag Desert[J]. Journal of Desert Research, 2004, 24(3): 294-300.
[18] 袁国映,雪克热提,张斌,雷加强. 阿尔金山自然保护区的土壤类型及分布规律[J].干旱区研究,1990(2): 17-24. Yuan GY, Xue KRT, Zhang B, Lei JQ. The soil types in Arjin Nature Reserve[J]. Arid Zone Research, 1990(2): 17-24.
[19] 吴娱,张相锋,董世魁,刘世梁,张翔,苏旭坤,王学霞,李媛媛. 阿尔金山自然保护区东部典型植物群落的物种组成、多样性及生物量[J].生态学杂志,2013,32(9): 2250-2256. Wu Y, Zhang XF, Dong SK, Liu SL, Zhang X, Su XK, Wang XX, Li YY. Species composition, diversity,and biomass of representative plant communities in eastern Arjin Mountain Nature Reserve,Northwest China[J]. Chinese Journal of Ecology, 2013, 32(9): 2250-2256.
[20] 戚登臣,陈文业,张继强,吴三雄,袁海峰. 敦煌西湖湿地生态系统现状、退化原因及综合修复对策[J].草业学报,2010,19(4): 194-203. Qi DC, Chen WY, Zhang JQ, Wu SX, Yuan HF. Status, degraded causes and comprehensive treatment of Dunhuang Xihu wetland ecosystem[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2010,19(4): 194-203.
[21] 张继强,陈文业,康建军,袁海峰,刘冬皓,王海. 甘肃敦煌西湖湿地芦苇群落种间关联性研究[J].西北植物学报,2014,34(2): 358-363. Zhang JQ, Chen WY, Kang JJ, Yuan HF, Liu DH, Wang H. Sutdy on interrelated dominant community between species of Phragmites communis in Dunhuang Westlake Wetland of Gansu[J]. Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica, 2014, 34(2): 358-363.
[22] 郑姚闽,崔国发,雷霆,李飞,邱观华,吴三雄,孙志成,袁海峰. 甘肃敦煌西湖湿地植物群落平均盖度与土壤含盐量耦合关系[J].生态学报,2009,29(9): 4665-4672. Zhen YM, Cui GF, Lei T, Li F, Qiu GH, Wu SX, Sun ZC, Yuan HF. Coupling relationship between the average coverage of wetland plant communities and soil salinity in Dunhuang Xihu wetland of Gansu Province[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2009, 29(9): 4665-4672.
[23] 梁海荣,董小刚, 王永胜. 敦煌西湖湿地草本植物组成及其物种多样性[J].人民黄河,2012,34(11): 91-96. Liang HR, Dong XG, Wang YS. The composition and species diversity of herb plants of Xihu wetland of Dunhuang[J]. Yellow River, 2012,34(11): 91-96.
[24] 吴征镒. 中国种子植物属的分布区类型[J]. 云南植物研究,1991,13(增刊Ⅳ): 1-139. Wu ZY. The areal-types of Chinese genera of seed plants[J]. Acta Botanica Yunnanica, 1991,13(S4): 1-139.
[25] 王荷生. 中国植物区系的性质和各成分间的关系[J]. 云南植物研究,2000,22(2): 119-126. Wang HS. The nature of China's flora and the relationships between its different element[J]. Acta Botanica Yunnanica, 2000, 22(2): 119-126.
[26] 赵勇,何清,霍文. 库姆塔格沙漠周边气候变化特征分析[J].干旱气象,2010,28(3): 291-296. Zhao Y, He Q, Huo W. Characteristics of climate change around Kumtag Desert[J]. Journal of Arid Meteorology, 2010,28(3): 291-296.
[27] 张锦春,王继和,廖空太,袁宏波,张国中. 库姆塔格沙漠植被特征分析[J].西北植物学报,2008,28(11): 2332-2338. Zhang JC, Wang JH, Liao KT, Yuan HB, Zhang GZ. Analysis of vegetation character in Kumtag Desert[J]. Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica, 2008, 28(11): 2332-2338.
[28] 张锦春,王继和,赵明,刘虎俊,廖空太,徐先英. 库姆塔格沙漠南缘荒漠植物群落多样性分析[J].植物生态学报,2006,30(3): 375-382. Zhang JC, Wang JH, Zhao M, Liu HJ, Liao KT, Xu XY. Plant community and species diversity in the south fringe of Kumtag Desert[J]. Journal of Plant Ecology, 2006, 30(3): 375-382.
[29] 王继和,袁宏波,张锦春,张国中,刘虎俊,廖空太. 库姆塔格沙漠植物区系组成及地理成分[J].中国沙漠,2008,28(5): 860-868. Wang JH, Yuan HB, Zhang JC, Zhang GZ, Liu HJ, Liao KT. Composition and geographical elements of the flora in Kumtag Desert[J]. Journal of Desert Research, 2008, 28(5): 860-868.
[30] Xie L, Yang Y. Miocene origin of the characteristic broad-leaved evergreen shrub Ammopiptanthus (Leguminosae) in the desert flora of eastern Central Asia[J]. Int J Plant Sci, 2012,173(8):944-955.
[31] Hernandez TH, Colorado WB. Sosa V. Molecular evidence for the origin and evolutionary history of the rare American desert monotypic family Setchellanthaceae[J]. Org Divers Evol, 2013, 4: 1-12.
[32] 潘晓玲, 马映军, 高炜, 齐家国,师庆东,陆海燕. 中国西部干旱区生态环境演变过程[J].中国沙漠,2004, 24(6): 663-673. Pan XL, Ma YJ, Gao W, Qi JG, Shi QD, Lu HY. Eco-environmental evolution in arid area of west China[J]. Journal of Desert Research, 2004, 24(6): 663-673.
计量
- 文章访问数: 1060
- HTML全文浏览量: 2
- PDF下载量: 1235
下载:
