Anatomical structures of vegetative organs of Salvia sonchifolia C. Y. Wu and S.petrophila G. X. Hu, E. D. Liu & Yan Liu (Lamiaceae) and their ecological adaptability
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摘要: 以苣叶鼠尾草(Salvia sonchifolia C. Y. Wu)和岩生鼠尾草(S. petrophila G. X. Hu, E. D. Liu & Yan Liu)为材料，采用石蜡切片法、光学显微镜和扫描电镜对两个物种营养器官的结构进行观测和比较，研究两者解剖结构特征的差异及其形态结构对环境的适应性。结果显示，两种鼠尾草叶片表皮均具有表皮毛和角质层，气孔仅分布于下表皮。岩生鼠尾草叶片上下表皮细胞厚度、上表皮角质层厚度、栅栏组织和海绵组织厚度、主脉韧皮部和木质部厚度、非腺毛的密度等解剖特征均显著大于苣叶鼠尾草。两种植物初生根的原生木质部均为二原型，其中苣叶鼠尾草无髓部，岩生鼠尾草有髓。根的次生结构均由周皮和次生维管组织构成，其中韧皮部占比较大，薄壁细胞内含淀粉粒。茎的棱角表皮下具有发达的厚角组织，4个棱角下方维管束较大。研究结果表明，苣叶鼠尾草和岩生鼠尾草根的初生结构和叶片解剖结构存在差异，根的初生结构是否有髓、叶片栅栏组织的层数、叶片非腺毛的密度可以作为两个物种的鉴定依据，其营养器官的解剖结构都具有适应旱生环境的特征。相比而言，岩生鼠尾草的耐寒性和抗旱性强于苣叶鼠尾草，但后者更适应阴生和弱光环境。Abstract: In this paper, the vegetative organs of Salvia sonchifolia and S. petrophila were observed by paraffin-sectioning, optical microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy to analyze differences in anatomical structures and adaptability to the environment. Results showed that the leaf epidermis of both species was covered by trichomes and a cuticle, and stomata were only distributed in the lower epidermis. Anatomically, the thicknesses of the upper and lower epidermal cells, cuticle on the upper epidermis, palisade tissue, spongy tissue, and phloem and xylem in the midrib, as well as density of non-glandular hairs, were all significantly higher in S. petrophila than in S. sonchifolia. For primary roots, both species had diarch roots and S. petrophila had no pith. For secondary roots, both species contained periderm and secondary vascular tissue, of which the phloem accounted for a large proportion, and the parenchyma cells contained starch grains. The four corners of the stem contained thick collenchymas and large vascular bundles. These results indicated significant differences between the two species in the primary structure of the roots and anatomical structure of the leaves. The presence or absence of pith, number of palisade tissue layers of the leaf, and density of non-glandular hairs of the leaf can be used as diagnostic characters between the species. The anatomical structures of the vegetative organs of S. petrophila and S. sonchifolia were characteristic of adaptations to xeric environments. In contrast, cold and drought resistance was stronger in S. petrophila than in S. sonchifolia, while the latter was more suited to shaded and weak light environments.
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Keywords:
- Salvia /
- Vegetative organ /
- Anatomical structure /
- Ecological adaptability /
- Karst
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