Effects of nitrogen addition on forage production performance and nutritional quality of perennial alpine cultivated grassland
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摘要:
为明确氮素形态和施氮水平对多年生高寒栽培草地饲草生产性能和营养品质的影响，以4年龄栽培草地为研究对象开展了氮添加试验。试验选用尿素（酰胺态氮，U）、硫酸铵（铵态氮，A）和硝酸钙（硝态氮，N）3种氮肥，设置4个施氮水平（0、22.5、45、67.5 kg·hm−2·a−1），测定并分析不同处理下地上生物量、饲草粗蛋白含量和相对饲喂价值等参数。结果显示，施氮水平对群落地上生物量和饲草粗蛋白含量产生极显著影响（P<0.001），对饲草粗脂肪含量产生显著影响（P<0.05）；氮素形态对群落地上生物量影响显著，对饲草粗蛋白含量和粗脂肪含量影响极显著；群落地上生物量、饲草粗蛋白含量和粗脂肪含量随着施氮水平的提高呈递增趋势；同等氮水平下，对地上生物量和饲草粗脂肪含量的促进作用表现为U>N>A，对饲草粗蛋白含量的促进作用表现为U>A>N。UT3、AT3和NT3处理下的地上生物量分别较对照提高43.22%、26.54%和33.11%。研究结果表明，酰胺态氮肥、施氮量为67.5 kg·hm−2·a−1时，多年生栽培草地的生产性能和营养品质综合表现最优。
Abstract:To investigate the effects of nitrogen form and application rate on forage productivity and nutritional quality of perennial alpine cultivated grassland, a nitrogen addition experiment was carried out in June 2022 using a 4-year-old cultivated grassland. Three types of nitrogen fertilizers, urea (amide nitrogen, U), ammonium sulfate (ammonium nitrogen, A), and calcium nitrate (nitrate nitrogen, N), were used in the experiment, and four nitrogen application levels (0, 22.5, 45, and 67.5 kg·hm−2·a−1) were set. Parameters such as aboveground biomass, forage crude protein content, and relative feeding value were measured and analyzed across treatments. Results showed that nitrogen application rates had highly significant effects (P<0.001) on community aboveground biomass and forage crude protein content, and significant effects (P<0.05) on forage crude fat content. Nitrogen form significantly influenced aboveground biomass and exhibited highly significant effects on forage crude protein content and crude fat content. Aboveground biomass, forage crude protein, and crude fat content increased with nitrogen application. At the same nitrogen application rate, the promotion effects on aboveground biomass and forage crude fat content followed the order U>N>A, while the promotion effects on forage crude protein content followed U>A>N. Compared to the control (CK) treatment, aboveground biomass under UT3, AT3, and NT3 treatments increased by 43.22%, 26.54%, and 33.11%, respectively. Comprehensive evaluation indicated that the T3 level was optimal for enhancing forage productivity and nutritional quality, with amide nitrogen fertilizer, applied at 67.5 kg·hm−2·a−1, showing the best combined performance of production and quality of perennial cultivated grassland.
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图 3 不同处理下饲草粗脂肪（A）和粗灰分（B）含量
Figure 3. Ether extract (A) and crude ash (B) content of forage under different treatments
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图 4 不同处理下饲草中性洗涤纤维（A）和酸性纤维（B）含量
Figure 4. Neutral detergent fiber (A) and acid detergent fiber (B) content of forage under different treatments
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图 5 不同处理下饲草相对饲喂价值
Figure 5. Relative feeding value of forage under different treatments
表 1 氮素形态和施氮水平设置
Table 1 Nitrogen forms and nitrogen level settings
施肥处理
Fertilization treatment氮素形态
Nitrogen form施氮水平
Nitrogen level / kg·hm−2·a−1T0（CK） − 0.0 UT1 酰胺态氮 22.5 UT2 45.0 UT3 67.5 AT1 铵态氮 22.5 AT2 45.0 AT3 67.5 NT1 硝态氮 22.5 NT2 45.0 NT3 67.5 
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表 2 氮素形态和施氮水平的双因素方差分析
Table 2 Two factor analysis of variance for nitrogen forms and nitrogen application levels
影响因素
Influence factor氮素形态
Nitrogen form (F)施氮水平
Nitrogen level (L)氮素形态×施氮水平
F×LF P F P F P 地上生物量 5.622 <0.05 14.056 <0.001 0.153 0.959 粗蛋白 18.073 <0.001 38.120 <0.001 1.748 0.184 粗脂肪 39.829 <0.001 5.377 <0.05 1.183 0.351 粗灰分 0.020 0.980 0.576 0.572 1.714 0.191 中性洗涤纤维 1.979 0.167 1.423 0.267 1.422 0.267 酸性洗涤纤维 1.153 0.338 0.718 0.501 1.555 0.229 相对饲喂价值 1.275 0.304 1.284 0.301 1.909 0.153
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表 3 不同处理的灰色关联度综合评价
Table 3 Comprehensive evaluation of gray correlation degree for different treatments
施肥处理
Fertilization treatment等权关联度
Gray correlative排序
Rank权重系数
Weight coefficient加权关联度
Weighted gray correlative加权关联度排序
Rank of weighted gray correlativeUT3 0.871 4 1 0.126 3 0.110 0 1 UT2 0.763 3 2 0.110 6 0.084 4 2 NT3 0.753 6 3 0.109 2 0.082 3 3 AT3 0.746 1 4 0.108 1 0.080 7 4 AT1 0.718 6 5 0.104 1 0.074 8 5 UT1 0.654 1 6 0.094 8 0.062 0 6 NT2 0.633 7 7 0.091 8 0.058 2 7 AT2 0.613 0 8 0.088 8 0.054 5 8 CK 0.589 1 9 0.085 4 0.050 3 9 NT1 0.557 0 10 0.080 7 0.045 0 10
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