Above-ground removal of plant functional groups on soil nematode communities in alpine meadows on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau
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摘要:
土壤线虫对高寒草甸生态系统功能有重要的指示作用，植物功能群丧失对土壤线虫群落的影响尚不清楚。本研究在青藏高原东部的高寒草甸生态系统中设置对照、保留豆科、保留禾状草、保留非豆科杂类草和去除所有植物功能群5个处理的地上部植物功能群去除实验，以探究植物功能群损失对土壤线虫群落的影响。结果显示：（1）去除植物功能群地上部对植物根系生物量和土壤线虫总密度影响不显著。（2）去除植物功能群地上部对线虫不同营养类群相对丰度影响显著。保留豆科处理下，食细菌线虫相对丰度整体最高，而植物寄生线虫相对丰度最低；保留杂类草处理下，植物寄生线虫相对丰度整体最高，而食细菌线虫相对丰度最低。（3）非度量多维尺度分析（NMDS）结果表明，去除不同植物功能群会导致土壤线虫类群产生差异，对土壤线虫群落结构产生显著影响。
Abstract:Soil nematodes play an important role in indicating the structure and function of alpine meadow ecosystems, yet the impact of plant functional group loss on soil nematode communities remains unclear. In this study, five treatments involving the removal of above-ground plant functional groups were established in an alpine meadow ecosystem of the eastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, including a control (CK), graminoids, legumes, forbs, and remove all. The aim was to explore the impact of plant functional group loss on soil nematode communities. Results showed that: (1) Above-ground removal of plant functional groups had no significant effect on plant root biomass and soil nematode total density. (2) Above-ground removal of plant functional groups had a significant effect on the relative abundance of nematode trophic taxa. Under legume treatment, the relative abundance of bacterial feeder nematodes was the highest, while that of plant parasite nematodes was the lowest; under forbs treatment, the relative abundance of plant parasite nematodes was the highest, while that of bacterial feeder nematodes was the lowest. (3) Nonmetric multidimensional-scaling analysis (NMDS) showed that the removal of different plant functional groups led to differences in soil nematode taxa, with significant impact on soil nematode community structure.
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图 1 不同处理下根系生物量（A）和线虫总密度（B）
CK表示对照，Forbs表示保留非豆科杂类草，Graminoids表示保留禾状草，Legumes表示保留豆科，Remove all表示去除所有植物功能群。下同。
Figure 1. Root biomass (A) and total density of nematodes (B) under different treatments
CK, control; Forbs, only non-legume forbs; Graminoids, only graminoids; Legumes, only legumes; Remove all, all plant functional groups removed. Same below.
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图 2 不同处理下线虫营养类群（A）和功能类群（B）的相对丰度
不同小写字母表示不同处理间相同线虫营养类群的差异显著（P<0.05）。下同。
Figure 2. Relative abundance of nematode trophic taxa (A) and functional groups (B) under different treatments
Different lowercase letters indicate differences in same nematode trophic taxa among treatments at the 0.05 level. Same below.
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图 3 不同处理下线虫营养类群密度
Figure 3. Density of nematode trophic taxa under different treatments
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图 4 不同处理下线虫功能类群密度
Figure 4. Density of nematode functional groups under different treatments
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图 5 土壤线虫群落非度量多维尺度分析（NMDS）
Helicotylenchus螺旋属，Filenchus丝尾垫刃属，Aporcelaimus孔咽属，Eudorylaimus真矛线属，Acrobeloides拟丽突属，Aphelenchus真滑刃属，Tylencholaimus垫咽属，Microdorylaimus微矛线属，Mesodorylaimus中矛线属，Epidorylaimus表矛线属，Diphtherophora膜皮属，Prodorylaimus前矛线属，Heterocephalobus异头叶属，Axonchium缢咽属，Paratylenchus针属，Caenorhabditis广杆属，Diplogaster双胃属，Aetholaimus （尚无中文名），Criconemoides轮属，Panagrobelus瓣唇属。
Figure 5. Nonmetric multidimensional-scaling analysis (NMDS) of soil nematode communities
表 1 不同处理下去除的植物功能群生物量
Table 1 Plant functional group biomass removed under different treatments
处理
Treatment杂类草
Forbs禾状草
Graminoids豆科植物
Legumes对照 − − − 保留杂类草 − 250.526±24.045a 4.482±1.010b 保留禾状草 130.184±18.125a − 3.276±1.259b 保留豆科植物 292.600±23.032a 334.168±24.688a − 去除所有 318.982±49.623a 455.814±39.827a 5.684±2.320b 注：表中数据均为平均值±标准误。每处理5个重复。同行不同小写字母表示不同功能群生物量在同一处理下差异显著（P<0.05）。 Notes: All data are average values±SD. Each treatment has five replicates. Different lowercase letters in the same row indicate significant differences in biomass of different functional groups under the same treatment at the 0.05 level. 
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表 2 不同处理下线虫各类指数
Table 2 Various indices of nematodes under different treatments
指数
Index对照
CK保留杂类草
Forbs保留禾状草
Graminoids保留豆科
Legumes去除所有
Remove allF P H' 2.69±0.11a 2.32±0.09b 2.68±0.12a 2.65±0.10a 2.42±0.14ab 2.94 0.040 2* J' 0.88±0.01a 0.82±0.01c 0.85±0.01b 0.88±0.01a 0.86±0.01ab 8.43 <0.001 0*** λ 0.08±0.01c 0.14±0.01a 0.10±0.01bc 0.09±0.01bc 0.12±0.01ab 5.06 <0.010 0** SR 4.52±0.40a 3.61±0.37a 5.06±0.58a 4.34±0.48a 3.66±0.48a 2.13 0.106 4 NCR 0.42±0.06a 0.22±0.04a 0.35±0.06a 0.51±0.08a 0.43±0.10a 2.69 0.054 6 EI 47.39±5.61a 52.22±2.22a 52.87±4.10a 50.27±3.39a 41.68±4.12a 1.59 0.207 9 SI 85.11±3.65a 86.39±2.91a 74.28±4.72a 85.83±1.30a 82.25±4.31a 2.50 0.075 0 CI 77.89±14.16a 73.08±3.91a 67.17±10.82a 61.44±13.39a 83.22±7.61a 0.81 0.531 3 注：表中数据均为平均值±标准误。H '、J '、λ、SR、NCR、EI、SI、CI分别表示香农-维纳多样性指数、均匀度指数、优势度指数、丰富度指数、线虫通路比值、富集指数、结构指数和通道指数。同行不同小写字母表示同一指标在不同处理间差异显著（P<0.05）。*： P<0.05； **： P<0.01； ***： P<0.001。下同。 Notes: All data are average values±SD. H ', J ', λ, SR, NCR, EI, SI, and CI indicate Shannon-Wiener index, Pielou evenness index, Simpson dominance index, Margalef richness index, Nematode channel ratio, Enrichment index, Structure index, and Channel index, respectively. Different lowercase letters for the same parameter in the same row indicate significant differences among different treatments at the 0.05 level. Same below.
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表 3 不同处理下NMDS多重比较结果
Table 3 Multiple comparison results of NMDS under different treatments
处理 Treatment F P 对照-保留杂类草 1.91 0.041* 对照-保留禾状草 2.19 0.046* 对照-保留豆科 0.59 0.858 对照-去除所有 0.99 0.426 保留杂类草-保留禾状草 2.80 0.022* 保留杂类草-保留豆科 1.95 0.081 保留杂类草-去除所有 1.51 0.189 保留禾状草-保留豆科 1.53 0.107 保留禾状草-去除所有 2.62 0.006** 保留豆科-去除所有 1.30 0.208
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2. 曹敬, 崔东, 江智诚, 闫江超, 吴昀昊, 刘隽琦, 郭金锋, 韩亚鑫, 韩舒桐. 新疆野生樱桃李林不同坡向土壤线虫群落结构及多样性研究. 果树学报. 
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