Ecosystem variation over five years (2010-2015) in priority areas of biodiversity conservation in Hubei Province
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摘要: 基于2010年和2015年生态系统类型与分布数据，分析了湖北省生物多样性保护优先区域的生态系统构成和变化情况。结果表明：（1）区域内共存在7类生态系统，即森林、灌丛、草地、湿地、农田、城镇和裸地，其中森林面积最大，其次是灌丛和农田，区域内植被覆盖率较高，整体生态环境较好；（2）2010-2015年期间，各类生态系统均发生了变化，森林、灌丛和裸地面积呈减少趋势，草地、湿地、农田和城镇面积呈增加趋势，其中变化最显著的是城镇；（3）城镇化、水资源开发、生态保护与恢复、农业开发以及地质灾害和气候变化等因素使得区域内生态系统发生变化，其中城镇化是主要影响因素。为了保护优先区生态系统的可持续发展，需结合各类保护地划定生态保护红线，合理规划城镇化进程中的土地利用，保护优质耕地，限制或禁止重要湿地的开发。Abstract: To reveal the dynamic changes in ecosystem patterns, we analyzed ecosystem composition structure and variation using distribution data collected in 2010 and 2015 for priority areas in Hubei Province. Results showed that:(1) there were seven types of ecosystems, including forest, shrub, grassland, wetland, cropland, urban land, and bare land, with the forest area being the largest, followed by shrub and farmland. Vegetation coverage was relatively high, and the overall ecological environment was relatively good; (2) All ecosystem types changed over the five years; forest, shrub, and bare land areas all decreased, whereas grassland, wetland, cropland, and urban areas all increased, with the urban area changing significantly; (3) Urbanization, water resource development, ecological protection and restoration, agricultural development, geological disasters, and climate change all significantly impacted the ecosystems, with urbanization found to be the major factor. To protect the sustainable development of the ecosystems within the priority areas, ecological protection red lines should be delineated and combined with various protected areas, land use should be reasonably planned in the course of urbanization, arable land should be protected, and the development of important wetlands should be prohibited or restricted.
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Keywords:
- Priority areas /
- Biodiversity conservation /
- Ecosystem /
- Spatial pattern /
- Hubei Province
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