Study on population structure and seedling regeneration of Hopea hainanensis Merr. & Chun under ex situ conservation in Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden
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摘要:
本研究在中国科学院西双版纳植物园设置的500 m2样地中对迁地栽培植物坡垒（Hopea hainanensis Merr. & Chun）种群进行调查，采用径级结构代替龄级结构分析坡垒种群的结构特征，同时编制了静态生命表，分析种群的存活率、死亡率及消失率。结果显示，迁地栽培的坡垒种群更新的苗木尚无大径级的个体；但栽培的坡垒大部分个体能开花结果及自然更新，且幼苗数量较多，幼苗密度为19550 株/hm2，, 占种群个体数的86.00%。 静态生命表分析结果表明，坡垒种群Ⅱ龄级的个体死亡率最低，Ⅲ龄级的个体死亡率最高，种群存活曲线趋向于Deevey-Ⅲ型；死亡率和消失率变化趋势一致。研究结果表明，坡垒迁地保护取得了初步成功。此外，迁地栽培中应加强对幼苗、幼树的管理，有助于提高其成活率，更多的进入下一龄级的生长和种群的扩大。
Abstract:An investigation of a Hopea hainanensis population was conducted in a 500 m2 plot in the Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden (XTBG), Chinese Academy of Sciences. The diameter-level structure was used instead of the age-level structure to analyze the structural characteristics of the population. At the same time, a static life table was compiled to analyze the survival rate, mortality rate, and disappearance rate of the population. Results showed that the ex situ cultivated H. hainanensis population had no individuals with large diameter, although most of adult individuals are capable of blossoming, fruiting, and naturally regenerating. The seedling density of H. hainanensis was 19 550 plants per hm2, accounting for 86.00% of total individuals. Based on the static life table, the lowest mortality rate was observed in age class Ⅱ, while the highest was observed in age class Ⅲ. The population survival curve was categorized as the Deevey-Ⅲ type. Changes in mortality and loss rate curves showed the same trend. Results indicated that ex situ conservation of H. hainanensis in XTBG has achieved initial success, as evidenced by its population increase and germination stability. Enhanced management of seedlings and saplings could further improve survival rates and promote seedling to sapling, treelet, and tree progression, thereby expanding its population.
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图 1 迁地栽培的坡垒种群径级结构图
Figure 1. Diameter class structure of ex situ cultivated Hopea hainanensis population
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图 2 迁地栽培坡垒种群的存活曲线
Figure 2. Survival curve of ex situ cultivated Hopea hainanensis population
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图 3 迁地栽培坡垒种群的死亡率和消失率曲线
Figure 3. Mortality and loss rate cures of ex situ cultivated Hopea hainanensis population
表 1 迁地栽培坡垒种群的静态生命表
Table 1 Static life table of ex situ cultivated Hopea hainanensis population
x ax lx lnlx dx qx Lx Tx ex Kx Ⅰ 7925 10 000 9.21 7606 0.76 6197 12394 1.24 1.43 Ⅱ 1900 2 394 7.78 1386 0.58 1701 3402 1.42 0.86 Ⅲ 800 1 008 6.92 945 0.94 536 1071 1.06 2.78 Ⅳ 50 63 4.14 − − 32 63 1.00 − 注：x均为龄级；ax为龄级内现有植株存活数；dx为标准化死亡数；ex为生命期望值；Kx为消失率； lx为标准化存活数；qx为死亡率；Lx为存活的个体数或区间寿命；Tx为从x龄级到超过x龄级的个体总数或总寿命。 Notes: x, age class; ax, surviving numbers observed within each age class; dx, standardized death number; ex, life expectancy; Kx, loss rate; lx, standardized survival number; qx, individual morality rate; Lx, average number of surviving individuals or mortality rate; Tx, total number of surviving individuals in age class x and above. 
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表 2 天然更新等级评判
Table 2 Grade of natural regeneration
等级Class 不同胸径株数 Individual number of DBH H ≤ 30 cm 30 < H ≤ 50 cm H > 50 cm 不分高度
Irrespective of height良好 > 5 000 > 3 000 > 2 500 > 4 000 中等 3 000 < N ≤ 5000 1 000 < N ≤ 3 000 500 < N ≤ 2 500 2 000 < N ≤ 4 000 不良 ≤ 3 000 ≤ 1 000 ≤ 500 ≤ 2000 注：DBH为胸径英文首个字母；N代表株数。 Notes: DBH, diameter at breast height; N, number.
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表 3 迁地栽培坡垒的生长状况
Table 3 Growth of DBH and height of ex situ cultivated Hopea hainanensis population
类别
Type胸径DBH / cm 树高Height / cm 最大
Max最小
Min平均值
Average年均生长量
Annual average growth最高
Max最低
Min平均值
Average年均生长量
Annual average growth指标值 44.40 15.30 26.54 0.85 27.00 13.00 24.13 0.78
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