Study on the adaptive mechanisms of five plants to high-altitude light based on transcriptome sequencing in Maidica wetland of Tibet
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摘要: 基于转录组测序技术对杉叶藻(Hippuris vulgaris L.)、云南黄芪(Astragalus yunnanensis Franch.)、甘肃马先蒿(Pedicularis kansuensis Maxim.)、马先蒿(P. ikomai Sasaki.)以及穗花马先蒿(P. spicata Pall.)5种麦地卡湿地常见植物的转录组数据进行分析，比较筛选影响麦地卡湿地植物光合作用的通路及基因，探讨高原植物在光合作用方面的适应性机制。结果显示，通过搜索GO和KEGG基因数据库，发现大多数基因被注释到细胞过程，且主要在代谢过程。在基因的GO富集分析结果中发现，较多基因富集在光系统Ⅰ、天线系统、光系统Ⅱ和光合作用；而KEGG富集分析结果表明，5种植物中大多数基因均显著富集在光合作用、光合作用-天线蛋白、卟啉和叶绿素代谢以及氧化磷酸化通路。推测麦地卡湿地植物可能通过卟啉和叶绿素代谢、氧化磷酸化等生物途径来抵御强光对自身照射的伤害，维持正常的生理活动。证明在高原极端环境条件影响下，麦地卡湿地生存的植物在光合作用中产生了适应性策略。Abstract: Based on transcriptome sequencing technology, we analyzed the transcriptome data of five common plants from the Maidica wetland of Tibet, including Hippuris vulgaris L., Astragalus yunnanensis Franch., Pedicularis kansuensis Maxim., P. ikomai Sasaki., and P. spicata Pall. The pathways and genes affecting photosynthesis of plants in the Maidica wetland were compared and screened to explore the adaptive mechanisms of plateau plants regarding photosynthesis. Based on searching the Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia for Genes and Genomes (KEGG) databases, most genes were annotated into cellular processes, especially metabolic processes. GO enrichment analysis of genes showed that more genes were enriched in photosystemⅠ, antenna system, photosystemⅡ, and photosynthesis; KEGG enrichment analysis showed that most genes in the five plants were significantly enriched in pathways related to photosynthesis, photosynthesis-antenna protein, porphyrin and chlorophyll metabolism, and oxidative phosphorylation. It is speculated that plants in the Maidica wetland may resist damage from strong light and maintain normal physiological activities through porphyrin and chlorophyll metabolism, oxidative phosphorylation, and other biological pathways. These results indicate that under the influence of extreme environmental plateaus conditions, Maidica wetland plants use various adaptive strategies in photosynthesis.
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