Species diversity and interspecific association of Rhodoleia championii Hook. f. + Castanopsis fordii Hance community in Nankun Mountain, Longmen, Guangdong Province
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摘要:
以广东省龙门县南昆山南亚热带典型红花荷(Rhodoleia championii Hook. f.)+南岭栲(Castanopsis fordii Hance)群落为研究对象,通过样方调查和方差比率法、Fisher精确检验等方法,分析群落物种多样性和种间关系。结果显示:(1)该群落物种多样性较高,乔木层的物种分布均匀,灌木层的物种数量多但分布不均,多样性指数低于乔木层;(2)群落总体呈显著正联结,种间形成稳定的搭配关系。乔木层中,存在1对极显著正联结种对,5对显著正联结种对,以及2对显著负联结种对;(3)基于种群聚类、种间联结性及生态习性分析,将14个主要种群划分为4个生态种组,同组树种的生态习性和资源需求相似,多呈正联结,不同组的树种多呈负联结。研究结果为南昆山天然次生林保护提供了理论依据。
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关键词:
- 南昆山 /
- 种间联结 /
- 方差比率法 /
- 优势种群 /
- Fisher精确检验
Abstract:This study investigated the Rhodoleia championii Hook. f. + Castanopsis fordii Hance community, a representative subtropical forest in Nankun Mountain, Longmen County, Guangdong Province. Quadrat-based surveys, coupled with the variance ratio method (VR) and Fisher’s exact test, were employed to assess species diversity and interspecific associations. Results revealed that: (1) The community exhibited high species diversity, with a relatively even distribution of species in the tree layer, whereas the shrub layer contained a greater number of species but exhibited uneven distribution, leading to a lower diversity index; (2) The overall interspecific associations within the community were significantly positive, suggesting a stable community structure. In the tree layer, one highly significant positive association pair, five significant positive association pairs, and two significant negative association pairs were identified; (3) Based on population clustering, interspecific connectivity, and ecological habits, the 14 dominant populations were classified into four ecological species groups. Species within the same group exhibited similar ecological adaptations and resource requirements, generally displaying positive associations, while species from different groups predominantly exhibited negative associations. These findings provide a theoretical basis for the conservation and management of natural secondary forests in Nankun Mountain.
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图 1 乔木层优势种种间Fisher精确检验半矩阵
□:无联结;+:正联结。−:负联结;■:极显著正联结;▤:显著正联结;▨:显著负联结;下同。s1:红花荷;s2:南岭栲;s3:杉木;s4:山黄皮;s5:岭南青冈;s6:甜槠;s7:二色波罗蜜;s8:桃叶石楠;s9:香楠;s10:鹿角锥;s11:鼠刺;s12:软荚红豆;s13:阿丁枫;s14:子凌蒲桃;s15:岭南槭;s16:红淡比;s17:小叶青冈;s18:光叶山矾;s19:短序润楠;s20:粘木;s21:密花树;s22:野含笑;s23:铁榄。
Figure 1. Semi-matrix diagram of Fisher’s test of dominant tree species in the arbor layer
□: Non–correlation; +: Positive correlation; −: Negative correlation; ■: Significant positive correlation; ▤: Positive correlation; ▨: Negative correlation; Same below. s1: Rhodoleia championii Hook. f.; s2: Castanopsis fordii Hance; s3: Cunninghamia lanceolata (Lamb.) Hook.; s4: Aidia cochinchinensis Lour.; s5: Cyclobalanopsis championii Benth.; s6: Castanopsis eyrei (Champ. ex Benth.) Tutcher; s7: Artocarpus styracifolius Pierre; s8: Photinia prunifolia (Hook. & Arn.) Lindl.; s9: Aidia canthioides (Champ. ex Benth.) Masam.; s10: Castanopsis lamontii Hance; s11: Itea chinensis Hook. & Arn.; s12: Ormosia semicastrata Hance; s13: Altingia chinensis (Champ. ex Benth.) Oliv. ex Hance; s14: Syzygium championii (Benth.) Merr. & L. M. Perry; s15: Acer tutcheri Duthie; s16: Cleyera japonica Thunb.; s17: Cyclobalanopsis myrsinifolia Blume; s18: Symplocos lancifolia Siebold & Zucc.; s19: Machilus breviflora (Benth.) Hemsl.; s20: Ixonanthes reticulata Jack; s21: Myrsine seguinii H. Lév.; s22: Michelia skinneriana Dunn; s23: Sinosideroxylon wightianum (Hook. & Arn.) Aubrév.
图 2 灌木层优势种种间Fisher精确检验半矩阵
s1:细枝柃;s2:彗竹;s3:苦竹;s4:鼠刺;s5:红花荷;s6:山黄皮;s7:铁榄;s8:枇杷叶紫珠;s9:短序润楠;s10:山乌桕;s11:红淡比;s12:天料木。
Figure 2. Semi-matrix diagram of Fisher’s test of dominant species in the shrub layer
s1: Eurya loquaiana Dunn; s2: Pseudosasa hindsii C. D. Chu & C. S. Chao; s3: Pleioblastus amarus (Keng) P. C. Keng; s4: Itea chinensis Hook. & Arn.; s5: Rhodoleia championii Hook. f.; s6: Aidia cochinchinensis Lour.; s7: Sinosideroxylon wightianum (Hook. & Arn.) Aubrév.; s8: Callicarpa kochiana Makino; s9: Machilus breviflora (Benth.) Hemsl.; s10: Triadica cochinchinensis Lour.; s11: Cleyera japonica Thunb.; s12: Homalium cochinchinense (Lour.) Druce.
图 3 草本层优势种种间Fisher精确检验半矩阵
s1:芒萁;s2:乌毛蕨;s3:金毛狗;s4:中华里白;s5:乌蔹莓;s6:蔓生莠竹;s7:石果珍珠茅;s8:黑莎草。
Figure 3. Semi-matrix diagram of Fisher’s test of dominant species in the herb layer
s1: Dicranopteris pedata (Houtt.) Nakaike; s2: Blechnum orientale (L.) C. Presl; s3: Cibotium barometz (L.) J. sm.; s4: Diplopterygium chinensis (Rosenst.) De Vol; s5: Causonis japonica (Thunb.) Raf. ; s6: Microstegium fasciculatum (L.) Henrard; s7: Scleria lithosperma (L.) sw.; s8: Gahnia tristis Nees.
表 1 群落主要植物的科、属、种数
Table 1 Number of families, genera, and species in the Rhodoleia championii+Castanopsis fordii community
层
Layer科
Families属
Genera种
Species乔木层 27 33 41 灌木层 37 44 58 草本层 20 29 32 总体 53 78 102 表 2 乔木层各物种相对多度、相对频度、相对优势度和重要值
Table 2 Relative abundance, relative frequency, relative dominance, and importance value of species in the arbor layer
序号
Number种名
Species相对多度
RA / %相对优势度
RD / %相对频度
RF / %重要值
IV / %1 红花荷Rhodoleia championii Hook. f. 8.86 7.91 6.67 23.44 2 南岭栲Castanopsis fordii Hance 6.33 9.63 5.71 21.67 3 杉木Cunninghamia lanceolata (Lamb.) Hook. 3.80 11.22 2.86 17.87 4 山黄皮Aidia cochinchinensis Lour. 8.23 1.27 6.67 16.16 5 岭南青冈Quercus championii Benth. 4.43 6.91 3.81 15.15 6 甜槠Castanopsis eyrei (Champ. ex Benth.) Tutcher 4.43 5.55 4.76 14.74 7 二色波罗蜜Artocarpus styracifolius Pierre 3.80 7.23 2.86 13.88 8 桃叶石楠Photinia prunifolia (Hook. & Arn.) Lindl. 6.33 2.10 4.76 13.19 9 香楠Aidia canthioides (Champ. ex Benth.) Masam. 5.06 1.73 4.76 11.55 10 鹿角锥Castanopsis lamontii Hance 1.27 7.80 1.90 10.97 其他31个树种 48.73 46.46 57.14 152.34 总计 100 100 100 300 表 3 灌木层各物种相对多度、相对频度、相对优势度和重要值
Table 3 Relative abundance, relative frequency, relative dominance, and importance value of species in the shrub layer
序号
Number种名
Species相对多度
RA / %相对优势度
RD / %相对频度
RF / %重要值
IV / %1 细枝柃Eurya loquaiana Dunn 1.40 45.46 2.44 49.30 2 彗竹Pseudosasa hindsii (Munro) C. D. Chu & C. S. Chao 27.06 7.26 7.32 41.64 3 苦竹Pleioblastus amarus (Keng) P. C. Keng 28.62 4.55 7.32 40.48 4 鼠刺Itea chinensis Hook. & Arn. 5.44 4.66 5.69 15.79 5 红花荷Rhodoleia championii Hook. f. 2.18 2.86 4.07 9.10 6 山黄皮Aidia cochinchinensis Lour. 2.33 1.63 4.88 8.84 7 铁榄Sinosideroxylon wightianum (Hook. & Arn.) Aubrév. 2.80 2.30 2.44 7.53 8 枇杷叶紫珠Callicarpa kochiana Makino 1.56 1.98 3.25 6.79 9 短序润楠Machilus breviflora (Benth.) Hemsl. 0.78 2.28 3.25 6.31 10 山乌桕Triadica cochinchinensis Lour. 2.64 0.38 3.25 6.28 其他48个树种 24.26 22.98 54.47 101.71 总计 100 100 100 300 表 4 草本层各物种相对多度、相对频度、相对优势度和重要值
Table 4 Relative abundance, relative frequency, relative dominance, and importance value of species in the herb layer
序号
Number种名
Species相对多度
RA / %相对优势度
RD / %相对频度
RF / %重要值
IV / %1 芒萁Dicranopteris pedata (Houtt.) Nakaike 47.80 24.15 11.29 83.23 2 乌毛蕨Blechnum orientale (L.) C. Presl 16.51 38.17 14.52 69.19 3 金毛狗蕨Cibotium barometz (L.) J. Sm. 4.72 15.05 8.06 27.83 4 中华里白Diplopterygium chinensis (Rosenst.) De Vol 3.93 8.28 9.68 21.88 5 乌蔹莓Causonis japonica (Thunb.) Raf. 1.26 0.58 6.45 8.29 6 蔓生莠竹Microstegium fasciculatum (L.) Henrard 3.93 0.29 3.23 7.45 7 石果珍珠茅Scleria lithosperma (L.) Sw. 2.04 1.80 3.23 7.07 8 黑莎草Gahnia tristis Nees 1.73 1.80 3.23 6.75 其他23个物种 13.36 4.94 40.32 68.31 总计 100 100 100 300 -
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