Flower bud differentiation of four species of Deutzia
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摘要:
本文观察测量了北京地区生长的大花溲疏（Deutzia grandiflora Bunge）、小花溲疏（D. parviflora Bunge）、溲疏（D. scabra Thunb.）和长江溲疏（D. schneideriana Rehd.）的花芽分化过程、花芽分化外部形态和花芽着生位置。4种溲疏的花芽主要为顶芽和侧芽，分化类型为夏秋分化型，花芽分化过程分为7个时期：未分化期、分化初期、花序原基分化期、萼片原基分化期、花瓣原基分化期、雄蕊原基分化期、雌蕊原基分化期。各轮花器官均为向心式发生，发育方式有两类，溲疏和长江溲疏为向心式发育，大花溲疏和小花溲疏花瓣发育先于花萼。花芽统计结果揭示了溲疏属植物开花繁茂的原因是其芽数量大、花芽分化率高以及小花数量多，芽的纵径结合季节可较准确地反映花芽分化所处阶段，花器官发育方式支持溲疏和长江溲疏亲缘关系较近。
Abstract:We studied the differentiation process, internal and external morphological changes, and growth positions of flower buds of Deutzia grandiflora Bunge, D. parviflora Bunge, D. scabra Thunb., and D. Schneideriana Rehd. in Beijing by paraffin sectioning and photo measurement. We found that the flower buds of the four species were mainly crown buds and side buds, with summer and autumn differentiation types. Flower bud differentiation was divided into seven periods: undifferentiated, initial differentiation, inflorescence primordial differentiation, flower primordium differentiation, petal primordium differentiation, stamen primordium differentiation, and pistil primordium differentiation periods. The flower organs of each whorl were centripetal, with two types of developmental patterns. Notably, D. scabra and D. Schneideriana were centripetal, while the petals of D. grandiflora and D. parviflora developed earlier than their sepals. Results showed that Deutzia species flourish due to the presence of many buds, high differentiation rate of flower buds, and large number of florets. The longitudinal diameter of flower buds combined with the season accurately reflected the flower bud differentiation period. The pattern of flower organ development supported a close relationship between D. scabra and D. Schneideriana.
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Keywords:
- Deutzia /
- Flower bud differentiation /
- Flower bud morphology /
- Paraffin slices
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图 1 溲疏属4种植物花芽外部形态变化
A1 ~ H1：大花溲疏；A2 ~ H2：小花溲疏；A3 ~ H3：溲疏；A4 ~ H4：长江溲疏。图下的数字为拍摄时间，按年月日排列。
Figure 1. External morphological changes of flower buds of four Deutzia species
A1–H1: D. grandiflora; A2–H2: D. parviflora; A3–H3: D. scabra; A4–H4: D. schneideriana. Numbers below pictures are shooting time, arranged by year, month, and day.
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图 2 4种溲疏花芽分化过程
A1 ~ J1：大花溲疏；A2 ~ J2：小花溲疏；A3 ~ J3：溲疏；A4 ~ J4：长江溲疏。A1 ~ A4：未分化期；B1 ~ B4：分化初期；C1 ~ C4、D2 ~ D4、E2、E3、F3：花序原基分化期；D1、E4、F2、F4、G3：萼片原基分化期；E1、F1、G2、G4、H2、H3：花瓣原基分化期；G1、H1、H4、I1 ~ I4：雄蕊原基分化期；J1 ~ J4：雌蕊原基分化期。Le：叶片原基；Gc：生长锥；R：花序轴；In：花序原基；Si：侧花序原基；Br：苞片原基； Fl：小花原基；Se：萼片原基；Pe：花瓣原基；St1：第1轮雄蕊原基；St2：第2轮雄蕊原基；Pi.雌蕊原基。
Figure 2. Differentiation of flower buds of four Deutzia species
A1–J1: D. grandiflora; A2–J2: D. parviflora; A3–J3: D. scabra; A4–J4: D. schneideriana. A1–A4: Undifferentiated period; B1–B4: Initial differentiation period; C1–C4, D2–D4, E2, E3, F3: Inflorescence primordium differentiation period; D1, E4, F2, F4, G3: Sepal primordium differentiation period; E1, F1, G2, G4, H2, H3: Petal primordium differentiation period; G1, H1, H4, I1–I4: Stamen primordium differentiation period; J1–J4: Pistil primordium differentiation period. Le: Leaf primordia; Gc: Growth cone; R: Rachis; In: Inflorescence primordium; Si: Side inflorescence primordium; Br: Bract primordium; Fl: Flower primordium; Se: Sepal primordium; Pe: Petal primordium; St1: First round stamen primordium; St2: Second round stamen primordium; Pi: Pistil primordium.
表 1 溲疏属4种植物来源和开花特性
Table 1 Source and flowering characteristics of four Deutzia species
种名
Species采集地点
Site采集人
Collector凭证标本
Voucher (BJFC)花期
Anthesis花序
Inflorescence大花溲疏
Deutzia grandiflora Bunge北京林业大学 汪琦 BJFU062801 4月上旬 聚伞花序 小花溲疏
Deutzia parviflora Bunge北京林业大学 汪琦 BJFU062802 5月上旬 伞房花序 溲疏
Deutzia scabra Thunb.国家植物园 汪琦 ZWYBY061101 5月下旬 圆锥花序 长江溲疏
Deutzia schneideriana Rehd.北京市海淀区百旺茉莉园 袁涛、刘秀丽 BWMLY060901 5月下旬 圆锥花序 
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表 2 溲疏属4种植物一年生枝条不同位置花芽数量及占比
Table 2 Number and proportion of flower buds at different locations on annual branches of four Deutzia species
种名
Species顶芽
Crown bud侧芽
Side bud基部芽
Basal bud数量
Total number花芽数量
Number of
flower buds花芽比例
Flower bud
ratio / %数量
Total number花芽数量
Number of
flower buds花芽比例
Flower bud
ratio / %数量
Total number花芽数量
Number of
flower buds花芽比例
Flower bud
ratio / %大花溲疏 1.93 ± 0.25 1.87 ± 0.34 96.55 4.17 ± 3.45 3.80 ± 3.15 91.20 0.03 ± 0.18 0 0 小花溲疏 1.93 ± 1.03 1.90 ± 1.04 98.28 17.10 ± 9.36 14.57 ± 7.65 85.19 0.53 ± 0.67 0.36 ± 0.60 68.75 溲疏 0.73 ± 0.81 0.63 ± 0.84 86.36 15.87 ± 8.48 7.20 ± 4.34 45.38 0.43 ± 0.56 0 0 长江溲疏 2.20 ± 0.08 2.10 ± 1.08 95.45 25.26 ± 4.42 14.10 ± 9.60 55.82 0.70 ± 0.78 0.17 ± 0.45 24.29
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表 3 溲疏属4种植物花芽纵径变化
Table 3 Changes in vertical diameter of flower buds of four Deutzia species
种名
Species花芽纵径 Vertical diameter of flower buds / mm 未分化期
Undifferentiated period分化初期
Initial differentiation
period花序原基分化期
Inflorescence primordium
differentiation period萼片原基分化期
Sepal
primordium differentiation
period花瓣原基分化期
Petal
primordium differentiation
period雄蕊原基分化期
Stamen
primordium differentiation
period雌蕊原基分化期
Pistil
primordium differentiation
period大花溲疏 1.63 ± 0.15b 2.41 ± 0.16c 3.23 ± 0.60c 3.79 ± 0.76c 4.95 ± 0.41c 4.86 ± 0.32c 5.16 ± 0.45b 小花溲疏 4.36 ± 0.74a 4.96 ± 0.11a 5.84 ± 0.76a 6.44 ± 0.46a 7.14 ± 0.90a 6.55 ± 0.82b 8.65 ± 2.58a 溲疏 1.40 ± 0.11b 1.57 ± 0.17d 4.25 ± 0.41b 5.48 ± 0.33b 6.15 ± 0.13b 7.67 ± 0.24a 9.03 ± 0.58a 长江溲疏 4.00 ± 0.41a 4.44 ± 0.82b 4.49 ± 1.46b 5.37 ± 0.79b 7.55 ± 1.15a 6.55 ± 0.59b 7.66 ± 0.56a 注：同列不同小写字母代表差异显著（P < 0.05）。下同。 Note: Different lowercase letters within same column indicate significant difference (P < 0.05). Same below.
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表 4 溲疏属4种植物花芽横径变化
Table 4 Changes in horizontal diameter of flower buds of four Deutzia species
种名
Species花芽横径Horizontal diameter of flower buds / mm 未分化期
Undifferentiated period分化初期
Initial differentiation period花序原基分化期Inflorescence primordium differentiation period 萼片原基分化期
Sepal primordium differentiation period花瓣原基分化期
Petal primordium differentiation period雄蕊原基分化期
Stamen primordium differentiation period雌蕊原基分化期
Pistil primordium differentiation period大花溲疏 0.88 ± 0.15c 1.06 ± 0.10c 1.20 ± 0.21d 1.27 ± 0.32c 1.56 ± 0.18c 1.50 ± 0.13c 1.63 ± 0.22c 小花溲疏 2.55 ± 0.27a 2.53 ± 0.40b 2.72 ± 0.23b 2.77 ± 0.27b 2.72 ± 0.22b 2.64 ± 0.24b 3.34 ± 0.58b 溲疏 1.28 ± 0.17b 1.26 ± 0.13c 1.85 ± 0.32c 2.74 ± 0.23b 2.79 ± 0.17b 3.27 ± 0.32a 4.70 ± 0.83a 长江溲疏 2.62 ± 0.18a 2.95 ± 0.41a 3.16 ± 0.73a 3.55 ± 0.33a 3.53 ± 0.36a 3.17 ± 0.28a 4.68 ± 0.55a
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表 5 溲疏属4种植物花芽分化时期
Table 5 Flower bud differentiation period of four Deutzia species
种名
Species花芽分化时期 Flower bud differentiation period 未分化期
Undifferentiated period分化初期
Initial differentiation period花序原基分化期Inflorescence primordium differentiation period 萼片原基分化期
Sepal primordium differentiation period花瓣原基分化期
Petal primordium differentiation period雄蕊原基分化期
Stamen primordium differentiation period雌蕊原基分化期
Pistil primordium differentiation period大花溲疏 4月上-5月下旬 6月 7月 8月上旬 8月中旬 8月下旬-9月上旬 9月中下旬 小花溲疏 5月中-6月上旬 6月中下旬 7月-9月下旬 10月上旬 10月中下旬 11月-12月 1-3月 溲疏 5月下-6月下旬 7月上-8月上旬 8月中-次年1月上旬 1月中-2月上旬 2月中-3月中旬 3月下旬 4月 长江溲疏 5月下-6月中旬 6月下-7月上旬 7月中-9月上旬 9月中-10月中旬 10月下-11月中旬 11月下-12月下旬 1-4月
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