Abstract: The utilization of male sterile lines for seed production represents an effective strategy for exploiting heterosis in self-pollinating crops such as wheat and rice. ABCG transporters, a large subfamily of ABC transporters, play integral roles in various biological processes, including the regulation of male fertility. This review examines the structural characteristics of ABC transporters, emphasizes the critical role of ABCG transporters in regulating the development of the pollen wall and anther cuticle, and discusses the current state of research on ABCG transporters, along with future research prospects. The aim of this review is to enhance our understanding of the involvement of ABCG transporters in the regulation of plant male sterility, thereby providing a theoretical basis for the cross-breeding of self-pollinated crops.