Minimum sample area of three forest communities in Langqi Island
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摘要:
为科学设定琅岐岛森林群落物种多样性调查的最小面积，提高研究结果的准确性和节约调查成本，本研究在福州市琅岐岛采用巢式样方法开展海岛森林群落的种-面积曲线调查，设置20 m × 20 m的样方，选择对数函数、幂函数和逻辑斯蒂3种模型分别拟合3种类型森林群落，即台湾相思（Acacia confusa Merr.）、柠檬桉（Eucalyptus citriodora Hook. f.）和朴树（Celtis sinensis Pers.）林，及其灌木层、草本层共3个对象的种-面积关系，利用赤池信息准则（AIC）选择出最优拟合模型计算3类群落3个对象最小取样面积。结果显示：（1）3类森林群落3个对象的种-面积关系的最优拟合模型都是幂函数拟合模型。（2）在满足精度为50% ~ 90%时，台湾相思林群落及其灌木层、草本层的最小取样面积分别为113.5、68.9和24.4 m²；柠檬桉林群落及其灌木层、草本层的最小取样面积分别为153.1、69.6和41.4 m²；朴树林群落及其灌木层、草本层的最小取样面积分别为65.5、38和15.2 m²。（3）可将琅岐岛森林群落的最小取样面积设置为10 m × 15 m，灌木层最小取样面积设置为10 m × 10 m，草本层最小取样面积设置为6 m × 6 m。（4）最小样方面积与群落物种数量存在一定的正相关性，还会受群落差异、取样面积、人为干扰、偶见种等因素的影响。
Abstract:This study aimed to establish the minimum area required for surveys of species diversity in forest communities in Langqi Island, Fuzhou, to improve research accuracy and reduce survey costs. Nest sampling of 20 m × 20 m quadrats was employed to investigate species-area curves of forest communities on the island. Three models (logarithmic function, power function, and logistic function) were selected to fit three types of forest communities, namely Acacia confusa Merr., Eucalyptus citriodora Hook. f., and Celtis sinensis Pers., as well as the species-area relationships of the shrub and herb layers. The optimal fitting model was selected using the Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) to calculate the minimum sampling area for the three species in the three communities. Results showed that: (1) Power function fit models were the best fitting models for the species-area relationships of the three target species in the three forest communities. (2) The minimum sampling areas for the A. confusa community, shrub layer, and herb layer were 113.5, 68.9, and 24.4 m², respectively, when sampling precision was set to 50%–90%. The minimum sampling areas for the E. citriodora community, shrub layer, and herb layer were 153.1, 69.6, and 41.4 m², respectively. The minimum sampling areas for the C. sinensis community, shrub layer, and herb layer were 65.5, 38.0, and 15.2 m², respectively. (3) The minimum sampling areas for the forest community, shrub layer, and herb layer in Langqi Island were 10 m × 15 m, 10 m × 10 m, and 6 m × 6 m, respectively. (4) A positive correlation was found between the minimum sampling area and number of species in the community, which was also influenced by community differences, sampling area, human disturbance, occasional species, and other factors.
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图 1 巢式样方法合并扩大示意图
巢氏样方面积是按照2倍增加扩散，直至覆盖全部样方。1代表巢式样方法的第1个取样面积，面积为1 m × 1 m；1和2合并后代表巢式样方法的第2个取样面积，面积为1 m × 2 m；1、2和3合并后代表巢式样方法的第3个取样面积，面积为2 m × 2 m；……；1 ~ 11合并后代表巢式样方法的第11个取样面积，面积为20 m × 20 m。
Figure 1. Schematic of nested method of merging expansion
1 Sampling area of the nested sample is increased by two times until it covers all samples. 1 represents the first sampling area of the nested sampling method, with an area of 1 m × 1 m. Combination of 1 and 2 represent the second sampling area of the nested sampling method, with an area of 1 m × 2 m. Combination of 1, 2, and 3 represent the third sampling area of the nested sampling method, with an area of 2 m × 2 m…… ; combination of 1–11 represents the 11th sampling area of the nested sampling method, with an area of 20 m × 20 m.
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图 2 主要科的物种数
1：禾本科；2：豆科；3：菊科；4：大戟科；5：蔷薇科；6：百合科；7：马鞭草科。
Figure 2. Number of species in major families
1: Gramineae; 2: Fabaceae; 3: Asteraceae; 4: Euphorbiaceae; 5: Rosaceae; 6: Liliaceae; 7: Verbenaceae.
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图 4 群落整体种-面积曲线最优拟合结果
Figure 4. Best fitting results of species-area curve of the whole community
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图 5 灌木层种-面积曲线最优拟合结果
Figure 5. Best fitting results of species-area curve of the shrub layer
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图 6 草本层种-面积曲线最优拟合结果
Figure 6. Best fitting results of species-area curve of the herb layer
表 1 样地基础信息
Table 1 Basic information of sample plots
样地号
Sample plot number海拔
Altitude / m坡向
Aspect / °坡度
Slope / °总物种数量
Total number of species总灌木数量
Total number of shrubs总草本数量
Total number of herbs台湾相思
Acacia confusa Merr.1 15.11 西北 NW287 12 24 14 10 2 10.37 西北 NW312 25 59 36 22 3 158.57 西南 SW244 34 67 46 19 4 118.76 东北 NE20 29 78 46 32 5 31.57 东南 SE158 16 57 37 20 6 14.39 东南 SE144 27 43 28 15 柠檬桉
Eucalyptus citriodora
Hook. f.1 18.14 西南 SW220 10 51 27 23 2 5.67 西南 SW259 23 69 40 28 3 78.40 西南 SW206 34 82 52 27 4 61.34 西 W279 15 58 25 33 5 24.10 东南 SE169 11 42 20 19 6 103.89 东北 NE68 31 74 50 24 朴树
Celtis sinensis Pers.1 35.27 南 S188 37 43 30 14 2 25.43 东南 SE143 25 41 25 16 3 25.43 东南 SE130 22 32 22 9 4 25.43 西 W270 30 48 31 17 5 25.43 西南 SW244 33 30 17 13 6 11.09 东南 SE162 35 30 20 10 
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表 2 巢式样方法常用的种-面积关系拟合模型
Table 2 Common species-area relationship fitting models used in nested sampling method
函数
Function种-面积拟合函数模型
Species-area fitting
function model最小取样面积方程
Minimum sampling
area equation对数 （1）S=a + blnA （4）A=exp[（ρSt−a）/b] 幂函数 （2）S=aAb （5）A=（ρSt / a）1/b 逻辑斯蒂 （3）S=c/（1 + ae−bA） （6）A=-{ln[（c/ρSt−1）/a]}/b 注：A表示样地面积；S表示对应样地的物种数目；a、b、c为待估参数；St表示调查群落物种总数；ρ表示期望物种与总物种的比例。 Notes: A represents sample plot area; S represents number of species in the corresponding sample plot; a, b, and c are parameters to be estimated; St represents total number of species in the surveyed community; ρ represents the ratio of expected species to total species.
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表 3 种-面积关系拟合结果
Table 3 Fitting results of species-area relationship
研究对象
Object of study森林类型
Forest type函数
Function参数 Parameter R² P AIC a b c 群落整体 台湾相思林 （1） 7.415 7.715 − 0.982 <0.01 53.716 （2） 11.813 0.269 − 0.988 <0.01 −24.429 （3） 0.034 0.986 55.00 0.938 <0.01 21.460 柠檬桉林 （1） 4.264 9.295 − 0.964 <0.01 65.706 （2） 10.642 0.307 − 0.997 <0.01 −36.845 （3） 0.420 0.984 62.92 0.973 <0.01 15.505 朴树林 （1） 4.521 5.204 − 0.973 <0.01 49.605 （2） 7.774 0.271 − 0.996 <0.01 −37.642 （3） 0.056 0.986 37.51 0.964 <0.01 15.897 灌木层 台湾相思林 （1） 2.511 5.188 − 0.978 <0.01 47.294 （2） 5.804 0.314 − 0.985 <0.01 −19.093 （3） 0.068 0.986 34.68 0.929 <0.01 24.050 柠檬桉林 （1） 2.614 5.316 − 0.972 <0.01 50.547 （2） 6.069 0.309 − 0.992 <0.01 −25.709 （3） 0.072 0.984 35.82 0.968 <0.01 17.431 朴树林 （1） 1.467 3.573 − 0.958 <0.01 46.131 （2） 3.992 0.309 − 0.997 <0.01 −37.172 （3） 0.111 0.985 24.34 0.962 <0.01 17.406 草本层 台湾相思林 （1） 5.043 2.444 − 0.989 <0.01 22.917 （2） 6.121 0.206 − 0.983 <0.01 −26.498 （3） 0.063 0.986 19.78 0.953 <0.01 18.018 柠檬桉林 （1） 1.764 3.789 − 0.958 <0.01 47.513 （2） 4.427 0.302 − 0.997 <0.01 −38.749 （3） 0.102 0.985 25.82 0.975 <0.01 13.579 朴树林 （1） 2.873 1.713 − 0.990 <0.01 14.059 （2） 3.712 0.223 − 0.990 <0.01 −30.644 （3） 0.110 0.985 13.24 0.968 <0.01 15.682
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表 4 不同精度下琅岐岛3类森林群落调查的取样面积
Table 4 Sample area of three forest communities in Langqi Island under different precision
研究对象
Object of study森林
类型
Forest type不同估测精度 Different estimation precision ρ=0.5 ρ=0.6 ρ=0.7 ρ=0.8 ρ=0.9 取样面积
Sampling area / m²曲线斜率
Slope of curve取样面积
Sampling area / m2曲线斜率
Slope of curve取样面积
Sampling area / m2曲线斜率
Slope of curve取样面积
Sampling area / m2曲线斜率
Slope of curve取样面积
Sampling area / m2曲线斜率
Slope of curve群落整体 台湾相思林 22.7 0.324 44.6 0.198 79.2 0.130 130.1 0.090 201.5 0.066 柠檬
桉林33.8 0.285 61.1 0.189 101.0 0.133 156.1 0.099 229.0 0.076 朴树林 25.3 0.200 49.5 0.123 87.4 0.081 143.1 0.057 221 0.041 灌木层 台湾相思林 32.1 0.169 57.4 0.113 93.7 0.081 143.4 0.060 208.7 0.047 柠檬
桉林32.8 0.168 59.2 0.112 97.5 0.079 150.3 0.059 220 0.045 朴树林 36.2 0.103 65.3 0.069 107.5 0.049 165.6 0.036 242.5 0.028 草本层 台湾相思林 10.1 0.201 24.4 0.107 51.6 0.055 98.6 0.033 174.6 0.021 柠檬
桉林34.1 0.114 62.3 0.075 103.8 0.052 161.6 0.038 238.6 0.029 朴树林 13.2 0.111 29.9 0.059 59.7 0.035 108.7 0.022 184.3 0.014
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表 5 斜率为0.1时的取样面积
Table 5 Sample area with a slope of 0.1
森林类型
Forest type斜率为0.1时的面积Area with a slope of 0.1 / m2 森林群落
Forest community灌木层
Shrub layer草本层
Herb layer台湾相思林 113.5 68.9 24.4 柠檬桉林 153.1 69.6 41.1 朴树林 65.5 38.0 15.2
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