濒危植物百花山葡萄群落物种生态位特征与种间联结研究

沈雪梨; 吴远密; 朱艺璇; 童玲; 胡巧立; 蒋万杰; 范雅倩; 夏晓飞; 沐先运; 张志翔

doi:10.11913/PSJ.2095-0837.2020.20195

濒危植物百花山葡萄群落物种生态位特征与种间联结研究

1. 北京林业大学生态与自然保护学院, 北京 100083;
2. 北京松山国家级自然保护区管理处, 北京 102115;
3. 北京自然博物馆, 北京 100050

基金项目:

北京市自然科学基金项目（5192012）；北京市极度濒危野生植物保育拯救项目（2019-YSDZWHSDBHC-02-02）；北京林业大学2017年度大学生创新创业训练项目（201710022070）。

详细信息

作者简介:
沈雪梨(1997-),女,硕士研究生,从事濒危植物保护生物学研究(E-mail:Shen_XL@bjfu.edu.cn)。

通讯作者:
沐先运,E-mail:xymu85@bjfu.edu.cn

中图分类号: Q948
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2019-07-28
- 修回日期: 2019-09-22
- 网络出版日期: 2022-10-31
- 发布日期: 2020-04-27

Community niche characteristics and interspecific associations of critically endangered species, Vitis baihuashanensis M. S. Kang et D. Z. Lu

1. School of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China;
2. Administration of Beijing Songshan National Nature Reserve, Beijing 102115, China;
3. Beijing Museum of Natural History, Beijing 100050, China

Funds:

This work was supported by grants from the Beijing Natural Science Foundation (5192012), Conservation Program of Critically Endangered Wild Plants in Beijing (2019-YSDZWHSDBHC-02-02), and National Training Program of Innovation and Entrepreneurship for Undergraduates (201710022070).

摘要

摘要: 以北京市Ⅱ级重点保护野生植物百花山葡萄（Vitis baihuashanensis M.S.Kang et D.Z.Lu）为研究对象，通过对其野生个体所在群落和人工扩繁个体所在群落进行样方调查，定量分析百花山葡萄自然群落的生态位特征和种间联结关系，对比人工群落的相关情况，探讨其濒危原因。结果显示：百花山葡萄自然群落总体呈正相关，物种正负关联比小于1，仍在向稳定群落发育；由于高大乔木和上层优势灌木截获了大量光照，以及高生态位重叠物种小花溲疏（Deutzia parviflora Bge.）、牛叠肚（Rubus crataegifolius Bge.）、短尾铁线莲（Clematis brevicaudata DC.）、五味子（Schisandra chinensis（Turcz.） Baill.）对各类资源的夺取，使百花山葡萄的营养生长受到明显限制。人工群落总体呈正相关，主要物种正负关联比大于1，目前处于相对较稳定状态；该群落缺乏高大乔木，光照充足，百花山葡萄与圆柏（Sabina chinensis（L.） Ant.）幼树等优势灌木呈不显著正相关，所受竞争压力相对较小，植株已进入生殖生长阶段。建议加强对百花山葡萄自然群落的人工抚育，适当疏枝、疏灌、疏藤，提高和改善百花山葡萄的光照条件，降低其他物种的资源竞争力度，以提高其在群落内的竞争能力，提升物种保护成效。
- 百花山葡萄 /
- 濒危物种 /
- 生态位宽度 /
- 生态位重叠 /
- 种间联结
Abstract: During the Anthropocene, the Earth’s ecological environment has experienced dramatic changes. With the global biodiversity crisis continuing to intensify, urgent actions are required to protect endangered species and maintain diversity. Grape species Vitis baihuashanensis M. S. Kang et D. Z. Lu is a grade Ⅱ key protected wild plant in Beijing with only two wild individuals. In this study, we conducted a quadrat survey of its natural and artificial communities, quantitatively analyzed the niche characteristics and interspecific associations of the natural community, and compared the natural and artificial community situations to determine the causes of endangerment from an ecological perspective. Based on analysis, the natural community shows positive associations and a positive-negative correlation ratio of less than one, indicating that the community is still developing towards stability. Vegetative growth of Vitis baihuashanensis is greatly limited, not only because the superior arbor and shrub layers intercept considerable light, but also because species with high niche overlap, such as Deutzia parviflora Bge., Rubus crataegifolius Bge., Clematis brevicaudata DC., and Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill., out-compete for various resources. In contrast, based on the general positive associations and positive-negative correlation ratio greater than one, the artificial community is currently stable which lacks of tall trees and has availability of sufficient light. In addition, Vitis baihuashanensis has non-significant positive correlation with dominant shrubs, such as Sabina chinensis (L.) Ant., and thus competition pressure is relatively small, allowing the plant to achieve reproductive growth. Thus, it is suggested that artificial management of the natural community should be strengthened, including reducing shrub and vine coverage, improving light conditions, and decreasing resource competition with other species to enhance the competitive ability of this species.
- Vitis baihuashanensis /
- Endangered species /
- Niche breadth /
- Niche overlap /
- Interspecific association

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